2.5 Cell Recognition and the Immune System

Cards (123)

  • Receptors have an extracellular domain that binds to ligands and an intracellular domain that interacts with cellular machinery.
    True
  • Cell surface receptors facilitate cell signaling by detecting external stimuli like hormones, neurotransmitters, and cytokines.
  • Ion channel receptors propagate signals by activating intracellular G proteins.
    False
  • What is one function of cell surface receptors in cell signaling?
    Detecting external stimuli
  • What is the purpose of antigen-antibody binding in the immune system?
    Neutralizing pathogens
  • Match the type of antigen-antibody binding with its purpose:
    Neutralization ↔️ Prevents pathogen entry
    Opsonization ↔️ Enhances phagocytosis
    Agglutination ↔️ Facilitates removal
    Complement fixation ↔️ Destroys pathogens
  • What is the first line of defense against pathogens in the immune system?
    Innate immunity
  • What type of immune response involves B cells and T cells?
    Adaptive immunity
  • Arrange the following components of the immune system in order from non-specific to antigen-specific:
    1️⃣ Innate immunity
    2️⃣ Adaptive immunity
  • Receptors have a transmembrane domain that anchors them to the cell membrane.
  • What are cell surface receptors composed of?
    Proteins or glycoproteins
  • Glycoproteins contain carbohydrate chains attached to their protein structure
    True
  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate intracellular G proteins
  • What type of receptors open ion channels for ion flow?
    Ion channel receptors
  • Cell surface receptors are located on the plasma membrane of cells.
  • What type of structures are common in cell surface receptors?
    Proteins and glycoproteins
  • Match the receptor type with its signaling mechanism:
    G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) ↔️ Activates intracellular G proteins
    Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) ↔️ Dimerization and phosphorylation
    Ion channel receptors ↔️ Opens ion channels for ion flow
  • Arrange the domains of a cell surface receptor in order from outside to inside the cell:
    1️⃣ Extracellular domain
    2️⃣ Transmembrane domain
    3️⃣ Intracellular domain
  • Cell recognition enabled by receptors allows cells to interact and communicate.

    True
  • Antigen-antibody binding involves non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
  • Antigen-antibody binding ensures targeted elimination of antigens.
    True
  • Examples of innate immunity include physical barriers, phagocytic cells, and inflammatory responses.
  • Innate immunity develops immunological memory.
    False
  • What type of molecules are cell surface receptors made of?
    Proteins or glycoproteins
  • Cell surface receptors facilitate cell recognition by binding to specific signaling molecules.
    True
  • Cell surface receptors have an extracellular domain that binds to ligands
  • What do cell surface receptors detect and respond to?
    External stimuli
  • Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) undergo dimerization and phosphorylation upon ligand binding

    True
  • Match the receptor type with its signaling mechanism:
    GPCRs ↔️ Activates G proteins
    RTKs ↔️ Dimerization and phosphorylation
    Ion channel receptors ↔️ Opens ion channels
  • Antibody specificity ensures it binds to only one type of antigen
    True
  • Neutralization involves antibodies binding to pathogens to prevent their entry
  • Which type of antigen-antibody binding clumps antigens together for easier removal?
    Agglutination
  • What are the two main components of the immune system?
    Innate and adaptive immunity
  • Which type of immunity develops immunological memory?
    Adaptive immunity
  • What type of adaptive immunity involves B cells producing antibodies?
    Humoral immunity
  • What are the two main types of adaptive immunity?
    Humoral and cell-mediated
  • What do antibodies do in humoral immunity?
    Bind to and neutralize pathogens
  • In cell-mediated immunity, T cells release cytokines
  • What is the role of MHC proteins in antigen presentation?
    Present peptides to T cells
  • MHC II proteins present antigens from extracellular pathogens.