5.3 Agricultural Origins and Diffusions

• Hunter-gatherer societies relied on a sedentary lifestyle.

  False
• Arrange the types of expansion diffusion in order from local to global spread:

  1️⃣ Contagious Diffusion

  2️⃣ Hierarchical Diffusion

  3️⃣ Stimulus Diffusion
• Contagious diffusion spreads like a disease to nearby regions.

  True
• Which crops were spread from the Americas to Europe during the Columbian Exchange?

  Maize, potatoes, tomatoes
• The Triangular Trade in the 18th-19th century linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• Match the diffusion route with its description:

  Silk Road ↔️ Connects China to the Mediterranean

  Columbian Exchange ↔️ Links Eastern and Western hemispheres

  Monsoon Trade Routes ↔️ Facilitates Indian Ocean trade

  Triangular Trade ↔️ Links Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• The Neolithic Revolution occurred approximately 10,000 years ago.
• Match the agricultural region with its key domestications:

  Fertile Crescent ↔️ Wheat, barley, sheep

  China ↔️ Rice, pigs, chickens

  Mesoamerica ↔️ Maize, beans, squash

  Andes ↔️ Potatoes, quinoa, llamas
• What are the two main processes of agricultural diffusion?

  Relocation and expansion
• The Silk Road facilitated the diffusion of crops like millet and citrus fruits from China to the Middle East.
• Which crops were diffused across the Indian Ocean region via monsoon trade routes?

  Rice, bananas, coconuts
• The Columbian Exchange began after the voyages of Christopher Columbus in the late 15th century.


  True
• The Triangular Trade peaked in the 18th-19th centuries
• What type of lifestyle did hunter-gatherer societies have?

  Nomadic
• The Fertile Crescent is one of the key regions for the origin of agriculture.

  True
• What are the two main processes of agricultural diffusion?

  Relocation and expansion
• What is an example of contagious diffusion in agriculture?

  New organic farming method
• Stimulus diffusion in agriculture occurs when a trait is rejected but its underlying idea inspires a new innovation.

  True
• Contagious diffusion spreads like a disease
• Agricultural diffusion occurs through two main processes: relocation and expansion
• What is an example of stimulus diffusion in agriculture?

  South American plowing techniques
• Which crops spread along the Silk Road from China to the Mediterranean region?

  Millet and citrus fruits
• Agricultural diffusion led to population growth by introducing more productive crops and farming techniques
• The introduction of new crops allowed for higher population densities
• What was the overall impact of agricultural diffusion on world civilizations?

  Transformed economies and societies
• The Neolithic Revolution marked the shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies.


  True
• What did agricultural societies rely on for food production?

  Domesticated plants and animals
• Match the region with its agricultural developments:

  Fertile Crescent ↔️ Wheat, barley, sheep

  China ↔️ Rice, millet, pigs

  Mesoamerica ↔️ Maize, beans, squash

  Andes ↔️ Potatoes, quinoa, llamas
• Relocation diffusion occurs when people migrate and bring their farming practices to new areas.


  True
• Hierarchical diffusion in agriculture spreads from large cities or influential regions
• Expansion diffusion occurs when a trait spreads outward from its origin
• Hierarchical diffusion spreads from large cities to smaller
• Relocation diffusion involves people migrating and bringing their farming practices to new areas.


  True
• The Columbian Exchange involved the exchange of crops between the Eastern and Western hemispheres
• Match the diffusion route with its approximate timeline:

  Silk Road ↔️ Thousands of years ago

  Columbian Exchange ↔️ Late 15th century

  Triangular Trade ↔️ 18th-19th century
• What is an example of a cash crop that fueled global trade through agricultural diffusion?

  Sugar
• Control over agricultural resources became a source of geopolitical power for empires.

  True