6.3.2 Theories of Evolution

• Match the scientist with their evolutionary theory:

  Lamarck ↔️ Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

  Darwin ↔️ Evolution by Natural Selection
• The modern synthesis of evolution combines natural selection with genetics
• Mendel's laws of inheritance are a cornerstone of modern evolutionary theory.

  True
• Contrast the key ideas of Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution:

  1️⃣ Lamarck proposed organisms could inherit traits developed during their lifetime.

  2️⃣ Darwin argued evolution occurs through natural selection of genetic variations.
• According to Lamarck, acquired characteristics can be inherited
• Darwin's theory explains genetic changes as being influenced by an organism's needs or use/disuse of organs.

  False
• Darwin's theory states that genetic variations are passed on through inheritance
• Individuals within a population exhibit a range of genetic variations.


  True
• Principles of Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

  1️⃣ Variation within a population

  2️⃣ Inheritance of traits

  3️⃣ Struggle for existence

  4️⃣ Natural selection of beneficial traits

  5️⃣ Adaptation of species
• Match the concept with the correct evolutionary theory:

  Acquired characteristics can be inherited ↔️ Lamarck's Theory

  Evolution occurs through natural selection ↔️ Darwin's Theory
• The Law of Independent Assortment allows for the recombination of traits in offspring.


  True
• The Modern Synthesis combines Darwin's theory with Mendel's laws.


  True
• Key ideas of Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

  1️⃣ Use and disuse of organs

  2️⃣ Acquired changes are inherited
• Lamarck's theory explains adaptations through use/disuse and inheritance
• What is the key difference between Lamarck's theory and modern evolutionary theory regarding acquired characteristics?

  They cannot be inherited
• Steps in Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

  1️⃣ Use and disuse of organs

  2️⃣ Acquired changes occur

  3️⃣ Inheritance of acquired characteristics
• Genetic changes in modern evolutionary theory are influenced by an organism's needs.

  False
• Match the principle of Darwin's theory with its description:

  Variation ↔️ Individuals within a population exhibit genetic differences

  Inheritance ↔️ Variations can be passed on to offspring

  Struggle for Existence ↔️ Competition for limited resources

  Natural Selection ↔️ Beneficial variations increase survival
• Darwin's theory contrasts with Lamarck's theory by proposing that acquired traits cannot be inherited.

  True
• What does Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment explain?

  Recombination of traits
• Mendel's laws of inheritance provide the genetic basis for how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

  True
• What is the raw material for evolution according to the Modern Synthesis?

  Genetic variation
• Match the evidence for evolution with its description:

  Fossil Record ↔️ Evidence of past organisms and transitional forms

  Comparative Anatomy ↔️ Similarities in anatomical structures of different species

  Comparative Embryology ↔️ Developmental similarities among different species

  Molecular Biology ↔️ Genetic similarities indicating common ancestry
• Lamarck's theory suggests that acquired traits are inherited, whereas Darwin's theory focuses on random genetic variations.


  True
• Over generations, natural selection leads to the adaptation
• Summarize the contrasting ideas between Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution:

  1️⃣ Lamarck proposed acquired traits could be passed on to offspring.

  2️⃣ Darwin argued natural selection favors beneficial genetic variations.
• Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection proposes that evolution occurs through the natural selection of random genetic variations within a population.variations
• In the struggle for existence, individuals compete for limited resources
• Lamarck's Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics contrasts with Darwin's theory.

  True
• Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for each trait separate
• Match the evolutionary theory with its key idea:

  Traits are inherited through the segregation of alleles ↔️ Mendel's Laws

  Evolution occurs through natural selection ↔️ Darwin's Theory
• The Modern Synthesis explains how evolution occurs through the natural selection of random genetic variations
• Lamarck's theory is supported by modern evolutionary biology.

  False
• Modern evolutionary theory states that evolution occurs through natural selection of random genetic variations
• Lamarck's theory explains adaptations through use and disuse, while modern evolutionary theory explains them through natural selection.


  True
• What is the primary mechanism for evolution according to modern evolutionary theory?

  Natural selection
• Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposes that evolution occurs through the natural selection of random genetic variations
• What is the outcome of natural selection over generations?

  Adaptation
• Mendel's Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for each trait separate
• Match the evolutionary concept with its proponent:

  Lamarck ↔️ Inheritance of acquired characteristics

  Darwin ↔️ Natural selection

  Mendel ↔️ Laws of inheritance