6.6.1 Population dynamics

• Births increase population size.

  True
• Steps in population growth patterns:

  1️⃣ Exponential growth with unlimited resources

  2️⃣ Population approaches carrying capacity

  3️⃣ Logistic growth begins

  4️⃣ Population stabilizes at carrying capacity
• The carrying capacity is determined by limiting factors
• Key factors influencing population size are births, deaths, immigration, and emigration
• Births and immigration increase population size.

  True
• What type of population growth occurs at a constant rate over time with unlimited resources?

  Exponential growth
• Resource availability is an example of a density-dependent limiting factor.

  True
• Order the three types of survivorship curves based on their survival patterns:

  1️⃣ Type I: High survival until old age

  2️⃣ Type II: Constant mortality rate

  3️⃣ Type III: High mortality early in life
• Which type of survivorship curve is characterized by high survival rates throughout life, with steep mortality in old age?

  Type I
• In the Lotka-Volterra prey equation, αNP represents the loss of prey due to predation.


  True
• What is the study of how populations change over time called?

  Population dynamics
• Births in a population increase
• Arrange the factors influencing population dynamics from those that increase population size to those that decrease it.

  1️⃣ Births

  2️⃣ Immigration

  3️⃣ Emigration

  4️⃣ Deaths
• Deaths reduce the population size.

  True
• What type of graph represents exponential growth?

  J-shaped
• Match the limiting factor type with its mechanism:

  Density-Dependent ↔️ Effects increase with population size

  Density-Independent ↔️ Effects are unrelated to population size
• Arrange the components of a life table in the order they appear:

  1️⃣ x (Age)

  2️⃣ nx (Number alive)

  3️⃣ dx (Number dying)

  4️⃣ qx (Mortality rate)

  5️⃣ lx (Survivorship)

  6️⃣ ex (Life expectancy)
• Type III survivorship curves show high mortality rates early in life
• Type I survivorship curves show high survival rates throughout life with steep mortality in old age.


  True
• Which type of survivorship curve is characterized by high mortality rates early in life?

  Type III
• What do life tables summarize about a population?

  Survival and mortality rates
• 'nx' in a life table refers to the number of individuals alive at age x.


  True
• Order the types of survivorship curves from highest early survival to lowest:

  1️⃣ Type I

  2️⃣ Type II

  3️⃣ Type III
• In the Lotka-Volterra equation for prey, `dN/dt = rN - αNP`, 'r' represents the prey's reproduction rate
• In a predator-prey system, a higher predator population leads to a decrease in prey population.


  True
• What happens to a population undergoing exponential growth?

  Increases at a constant rate
• What is the carrying capacity of an environment?

  Maximum sustainable population size
• Population dynamics refers to the study of how populations change over time
• Emigration is a factor that decreases population size
• Exponential growth occurs when resources are unlimited.


  True
• Births increase population size.

  True
• What are the four key factors influencing population size and growth?

  Births, deaths, immigration, emigration
• Logistic growth accounts for environmental limitations, leading to a population leveling off as it reaches the carrying capacity
• What causes population growth to slow in logistic growth?

  Limited resources
• What does the carrying capacity of an environment refer to?

  Maximum sustainable population size
• Match the components of a life table with their descriptions:

  x (Age) ↔️ Age classes studied

  nx (Number alive) ↔️ Number of individuals alive at age x

  qx (Mortality rate) ↔️ Proportion of individuals dying between age x and x+1
• What do Lotka-Volterra models describe?

  Predator-prey interactions
• In a predator-prey cycle, as the hare population increases, the lynx population also increases due to increased food
• What is the study of population dynamics concerned with?

  Changes in populations over time
• Immigration decreases population size.

  False