biology-chapter 1

• Gaseous exchange

  leaves take in carbon dioxide and air is released
• Equation for photosynthesis

  Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
• Photosynthesis


  chemical reactions plants use to make glucose
• Equation for anaerobic respiration

  glucose --> lactic acid + energy
• equation for aerobic respiration

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
• What type of reaction is aerobic respiration

  exothermic-release energy
• aerobic respiration


  Respiration that requires oxygen
• Enzyme controlled reactions are affected by -

  pH and temperature. Substrate concentration
• lock and key theory


  a substrate fits into its enzyme just like a key fits a lock
• What are enzymes?

  large protein molecules made up of chains of amino acid
• Example of catalyst


  enzyme
• whats a catalyst

  substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
• parts of the ladder is made up of ...

  bases - there are 4 and they're called a,t and c,g
• D..... h....

  double helix- structure of a ladder that's been twisted
• Sem


  scanning electron microscope-reveals surface shape of small cells
• Prokaryota


  small cells without a nucleus or specialized organelles
• eukaryotic cells

  contains a nucleas in its cytoplasm
• what does a plant leaf cells have ?

  vacuous,chloroplast and cell wall
• What does a simple animal cell have

  nucleas,cell membrane and cytoplasm
• magnification of image


  size of image / size of object
• total magnification


  Eyepiece ×objective lens
• Limiting factors of photosynthesis

  -carbon dioxide levels can change

  -temperature
• whats the electron microscope used for ?

  To view thin layers of small cells.
• Transmission electron microscope

  Shows cellular structures that you can't see with light microscope
• what happens in the mitochondria

  Aeorobic respiration happens-contains enzymes for respiration
• what happens in the chloroplast

  its the structure in the plant cell where photosynthesis happens
• ribosomes

  Tiny structures where protein synthesis happens.
• Dna molecules are ......... made up of repeating .........

  Polymers and nucleotides
• What happens to the glucose made at night

  Converted to starch