1.9 Inorganic Ions

• What defines inorganic ions?

  Charged particles without C-H bonds
• Sodium ions (Na+) maintain water balance and nerve impulse transmission
• Match the ion with its biological role:

  Calcium (Ca2+) ↔️ Bone formation, muscle contraction

  Magnesium (Mg2+) ↔️ Enzyme cofactor, chlorophyll structure

  Chloride (Cl-) ↔️ Maintains water balance, acid-base balance
• Inorganic ions are essential for maintaining homeostasis and facilitating metabolic reactions
• Inorganic ions ensure proper cellular function and homeostasis.


  True
• Inorganic ions facilitate metabolic reactions in biological systems.


  True
• Sodium ions help regulate the distribution of water between blood, cells, and tissues
• Inorganic ions play a role in initiating muscle contractions.


  True
• What is the biological role of sodium ions (Na+)?

  Water balance, nerve impulse transmission
• Phosphate ions (PO4^3-) are essential for energy transfer in the form of ATP
• Sodium ions (Na+) create electrical signals for nerve communication by flowing across cell membranes
• Sodium ions work together with other ions to maintain homeostasis.


  True
• Potassium ions are as crucial as sodium ions for physiological processes.

  True
• Calcium ions are a primary component of bones and teeth
• What role do calcium ions play in enzyme activity?

  Cofactor for enzymes
• What is the primary biological role of calcium ions (Ca2+)?

  Bone formation, muscle contraction, blood clotting
• Inorganic ions are charged particles that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds
• Match the inorganic ion with its biological role:

  Sodium (Na+) ↔️ Maintains water balance

  Potassium (K+) ↔️ Nerve impulse transmission

  Calcium (Ca2+) ↔️ Bone formation

  Magnesium (Mg2+) ↔️ Enzyme cofactor

  Chloride (Cl-) ↔️ Acid-base balance

  Phosphate (PO4^3-) ↔️ Energy transfer
• What is the biological role of calcium ions in blood clotting?

  Necessary for coagulation
• Chloride ions maintain water balance and acid-base balance
• What are the two primary functions of sodium ions in the body?

  Water balance and nerve impulse transmission
• Sodium ion flow is essential for creating electrical signals in nerve cells.

  True
• Potassium ions regulate the distribution of water between blood, cells, and tissues
• Match the function of calcium ions with its mechanism:

  Bone Formation ↔️ Primary component of bones

  Muscle Contraction ↔️ Binds to regulatory proteins

  Blood Clotting ↔️ Necessary for coagulation cascade

  Enzyme Activity ↔️ Acts as a cofactor
• Chloride ions help maintain a stable pH in body fluids
• What is the name of the active transport mechanism that exchanges 3 Na+ ions out of the cell for 2 K+ ions into the cell?

  Sodium-potassium pump
• Passive transport requires energy input from the cell.

  False
• The sodium-potassium pump exchanges 3 Na+ ions out of the cell for 2 K+ ions into the cell
• Passive transport involves the movement of ions without energy input down their concentration gradient
• Match the transport mechanism with its description:

  Passive Transport ↔️ Ions move down their concentration gradient without energy input

  Active Transport ↔️ Ions are pumped against their concentration gradient, requiring ATP
• Inorganic ion transport is essential for processes like nerve impulse transmission.


  True
• Inorganic ions play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.

  True
• Magnesium ions are essential for chlorophyll structure.


  True
• Sodium ions regulate water balance through the process of osmosis
• Potassium ions, like sodium ions, help regulate water balance
• Calcium ions are a primary component of bones and teeth
• What is calcium necessary for in blood clotting?

  Blood coagulation
• Calcium plays a more structural and regulatory role compared to sodium and potassium in bone and muscle functions.

  True
• Calcium ions initiate muscle contraction by binding to regulatory proteins
• Phosphate ions are part of the structural backbone of DNA