1.2 Elements of Life

• What are the six major elements essential for life, often abbreviated as CHNOPS?

  Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
• Hydrogen is a component of both organic molecules and water.


  True
• Phosphorus is a key component of DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipids
• Carbon forms the backbone of organic molecules
• In what biological process is oxygen used by cells?

  Cellular respiration
• Sulfur is primarily found in proteins, particularly disulfide bridges.


  True
• Carbon is the primary component of all proteins.

  False
• What does the abbreviation CHNOPS stand for?

  Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
• Which element is the backbone of organic molecules?

  Carbon
• Sulfur is primarily involved in forming disulfide bridges in proteins.


  True
• Match each biomolecule with the element it primarily depends on:

  Carbohydrates ↔️ Carbon

  Proteins ↔️ Nitrogen

  Nucleic acids ↔️ Phosphorus

  Lipids ↔️ Hydrogen
• Hydrogen forms a single covalent bond and acts as a component of organic molecules and water
• The essential elements are often abbreviated as CHNOPS
• Oxygen is used in cellular respiration.


  True
• Hydrogen is found in water and organic molecules.

  True
• Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules
• How many covalent bonds can carbon form due to its valence electrons?

  Four
• What are the four main types of biomolecules built by the CHNOPS elements?

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
• Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and is a component of both organic molecules and water
• Match each essential element with its biological role:

  Carbon ↔️ Backbone of organic molecules

  Hydrogen ↔️ Component of organic molecules and water

  Nitrogen ↔️ Component of proteins and nucleic acids

  Oxygen ↔️ Component of organic molecules and water, used in cellular respiration

  Phosphorus ↔️ Component of DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipids

  Sulfur ↔️ Component of proteins, particularly disulfide bridges
• Nitrogen is a key component of proteins and nucleic acids
• Which element is used in cellular respiration?

  Oxygen
• What type of bonds does carbon primarily form?

  Covalent
• Which element forms the backbone of all organic molecules?

  Carbon
• Which element is a component of disulfide bridges in proteins?

  Sulfur
• What biological role does carbon play in biomolecules?

  Backbone of organic molecules
• What biomolecule is nitrogen a key component of?

  Proteins
• Which biomolecule contains phosphorus as a key component?

  DNA
• Hydrogen forms one covalent bond.


  True
• Carbon forms four covalent bonds, allowing it to be the backbone of organic molecules
• Hydrogen is a component of water.


  True
• Nitrogen forms three covalent bonds, allowing it to be a component of proteins and nucleic acids
• Which biological process does oxygen participate in?

  Cellular respiration
• How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

  Two or six
• What is the primary role of sulfur in proteins?

  Forms disulfide bridges
• Oxygen is a component of water and participates in cellular respiration
• What determines how the essential elements in CHNOPS form stable molecules within living organisms?

  Atomic number, valence electrons, bonding properties
• Hydrogen forms one covalent bond and is a component of water.


  True
• Match the element with its bonding properties and biological role:

  Carbon ↔️ Forms four covalent bonds, backbone of organic molecules

  Hydrogen ↔️ Forms one covalent bond, component of water

  Nitrogen ↔️ Forms three covalent bonds, component of proteins

  Oxygen ↔️ Forms two covalent bonds, used in cellular respiration
• Which element is crucial for disulfide bridges in proteins?

  Sulfur