4.2.3 Response to Exercise

• The breathing rate increases during exercise to supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
• What is delivered to working muscles during exercise?

  Oxygen
• Steps involved in the increase of heart rate during exercise

  1️⃣ Brain sends nerve signals to the heart

  2️⃣ Adrenaline is released

  3️⃣ Heart beats faster

  4️⃣ Muscles receive more glucose and oxygen
• What happens to the oxygen demand during exercise?

  Higher
• What are the two main mechanisms that increase heart rate during exercise?

  Brain signals and adrenaline
• Muscle contraction requires energy in the form of ATP
• Match the type of cellular respiration with its definition and product:

  Aerobic ↔️ Uses oxygen, produces large ATP

  Anaerobic ↔️ No oxygen, produces lactic acid
• What are the mechanisms that increase oxygen delivery to muscles during exercise?

  Increased blood flow
• During exercise, working muscles receive an increased supply of glucose
• What are the two main mechanisms that increase heart rate during exercise?

  Brain signals and adrenaline
• What happens to the heart rate during exercise?

  Increases
• Muscle contraction during exercise requires energy.


  True
• During exercise, waste products are removed to maintain balance
• Match the physiological parameter with its state at rest and during exercise:

  Heart Rate ↔️ Normal ||| Elevated

  Brain Signals ↔️ Minimal ||| Enhanced

  Hormones ↔️ Balanced ||| Increased Adrenaline

  Muscle Supply ↔️ Adequate ||| Increased Glucose and Oxygen
• The increased breathing rate ensures the body can meet the higher demand for oxygen
• Increased heart rate during exercise ensures muscles receive more glucose and oxygen.


  True
• Through which process is ATP produced in muscle cells?

  Cellular respiration
• During intense exercise, the anaerobic pathway leads to the buildup of lactic acid
• Lactic acid is transported to the liver where it is converted back to glucose
• Heart rate remains unchanged during exercise.

  False
• The brain sends enhanced nerve signals to the heart, causing it to beat faster
• Match the physiological state with its corresponding condition:

  At Rest ↔️ Normal Heart Rate

  During Exercise ↔️ Elevated Heart Rate
• What two substances are delivered in greater amounts to working muscles during exercise?

  Glucose and oxygen
• During exercise, working muscles receive increased glucose and oxygen
• The brain sends signals to the respiratory muscles to breathe faster
• Steps in the process of increased breathing rate during exercise:

  1️⃣ Brain sends signals to respiratory muscles

  2️⃣ Breathing rate increases

  3️⃣ Oxygen reaches muscles

  4️⃣ Carbon dioxide is removed
• Match the cellular respiration pathway with its definition:

  Aerobic ↔️ Uses oxygen to break down glucose

  Anaerobic ↔️ Does not use oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration produces a small amount of ATP and lactic acid
• What three mechanisms ensure increased oxygen delivery to working muscles during exercise?

  Increased hemoglobin, blood flow, and oxygen delivery
• Blood flow to working muscles increases through vasodilation
• Lactic acid is transported to the liver
• Match the physiological response with its purpose during exercise:

  Increased Sweating ↔️ Evaporative Cooling

  Vasodilation ↔️ Increased Blood Flow
• Adrenaline is released during stress and accelerates heartbeat.


  True
• Steps in the process of increased heart rate during exercise:

  1️⃣ Brain sends enhanced nerve signals

  2️⃣ Adrenaline is released

  3️⃣ Heart rate increases
• Adrenaline levels remain balanced during exercise.

  False
• Why does the breathing rate increase during exercise?

  To meet oxygen demand
• Match the breathing condition with the physiological state:

  At Rest ↔️ Normal Breathing Rate

  During Exercise ↔️ Increased Breathing Rate
• What is the energy currency required for muscle contraction?

  ATP
• Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of muscle cells.


  True
• What are the end products of aerobic respiration?

  CO2, H2O, and ATP