1.3.2 Osmosis

• What does a concentration gradient refer to?

  Difference in substance concentration
• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a fully permeable membrane.

  False
• What is the primary driving force behind osmosis?

  Solute concentration differences
• In a concentration gradient, particles move from an area of high to low concentration
• What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

  Water moves out, cell shrinks
• What is osmosis defined as?

  Net movement of water molecules
• Water moves from an area of high water potential to low water potential until equilibrium is reached.


  True
• Osmosis is driven by differences in solute
• Water moves until equilibrium is reached, balancing water concentration
• A concentration gradient is crucial for diffusion to occur.


  True
• Match the solution type with its water potential:

  Hypertonic ↔️ Lower outside the cell

  Isotonic ↔️ Equal inside and outside

  Hypotonic ↔️ Higher outside the cell
• In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to lyse.


  True
• A concentration gradient is essential for diffusion.


  True
• What is achieved at equilibrium in diffusion?

  Equal concentration
• Match the solution type with its solute concentration and water potential:

  Hypertonic ↔️ Higher solute concentration, lower water potential outside the cell

  Isotonic ↔️ Equal solute concentration, equal water potential

  Hypotonic ↔️ Lower solute concentration, higher water potential outside the cell
• What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

  It swells (lyses)
• Osmosis balances water concentration on both sides of the membrane.


  True
• Water moves from an area of high water potential to low water potential until equilibrium is reached
• What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

  It shrinks
• In a hypertonic solution, plant cells experience plasmolysis
• Osmosis is crucial for maintaining cell shape and function.


  True
• In isotonic solutions, plant cells maintain turgor pressure
• Match the term with its definition:

  Osmosis ↔️ Water movement across a membrane

  Hypertonic ↔️ Solution with higher solute concentration

  Hypotonic ↔️ Solution with lower solute concentration

  Isotonic ↔️ Solution with equal solute concentration
• What is the role of osmosis in osmoregulation?

  Water balance maintenance
• What is a concentration gradient?

  Difference in substance concentration
• Particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration in the process of diffusion
• Hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions refer to the relationship between solute concentration inside a cell and its surrounding solution
• In a hypertonic solution, water moves into the cell.

  False
• What is the net movement of water molecules called?

  Osmosis
• Osmosis occurs across a selectively permeable membrane
• What drives the movement of water in osmosis?

  Solute concentration differences
• Match the solution type with its solute concentration and water potential:

  Hypertonic ↔️ Higher solute concentration, lower water potential outside the cell

  Isotonic ↔️ Equal solute concentration, equal water potential

  Hypotonic ↔️ Lower solute concentration, higher water potential outside the cell
• Osmosis affects plant and animal cells differently due to structural differences.


  True
• What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution?

  They crenate
• In hypertonic solutions, plant cells experience crenation.

  False
• What happens to animal cells in hypotonic solutions?

  Lysis
• In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell causing it to shrink
• Osmosis is essential for nutrient and waste transport in cells.


  True
• In plants, osmosis plays a key role in photosynthesis and transpiration
• Steps involved in osmoregulation in humans:

  1️⃣ Water intake

  2️⃣ Water absorption

  3️⃣ Kidney filtration

  4️⃣ Water reabsorption

  5️⃣ Excretion of excess water