1.2.1 Chromosomes

• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of cells.
• What is the role of histone proteins in chromosomes?

  Condense DNA and regulate gene expression
• Match the component of a chromosome with its function:

  DNA ↔️ Carries genetic information

  Histone Proteins ↔️ Condenses DNA
• Chromosomes become highly condensed during mitosis.


  True
• During telophase, chromosomes decondense as the cell divides into two daughter cells.
• DNA carries the genetic information in chromosomes.

  True
• Histone proteins help regulate gene expression in chromosomes.
• Match the stage of meiosis with its key chromosome event:

  Prophase I ↔️ Crossing over occurs

  Anaphase I ↔️ Homologous pairs separate

  Anaphase II ↔️ Sister chromatids separate
• Autosomes are involved in determining biological sex.

  False
• How many main types of chromosomes are there?

  Two
• Autosomes contain genes for general bodily functions
• A chromosome is composed of DNA and histone proteins.


  True
• Stages of chromosome movement during mitosis

  1️⃣ Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible

  2️⃣ Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell

  3️⃣ Anaphase: Chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles

  4️⃣ Telophase: Chromosomes decondense as the cell divides
• Match the stage of meiosis with its corresponding event:

  Prophase I ↔️ Crossing over

  Anaphase I ↔️ Homologous pairs separate

  Metaphase II ↔️ Chromosomes align individually

  Telophase II ↔️ Four haploid cells form
• Sex chromosomes determine biological sex, while autosomes do not.

  True
• What is the primary function of chromosomes?

  Contain an organism's DNA
• DNA in chromosomes carries genetic information.

  True
• Chromosomes ensure the accurate distribution of genetic material during cell division.
• Stages of mitosis involving chromosomes

  1️⃣ Prophase: Chromosomes condense

  2️⃣ Metaphase: Chromosomes align

  3️⃣ Anaphase: Chromosomes separate

  4️⃣ Telophase: Chromosomes decondense
• What happens to chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis?

  They separate and move to poles
• Where is DNA located within a chromosome?

  Wrapped around histone proteins
• What are the two main components of a chromosome?

  DNA and histone proteins
• Mitosis ensures each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.


  True
• Why is meiosis important for creating genetically distinct gametes?

  Enhances diversity among offspring
• Which chromosomes determine biological sex in humans?

  X and Y chromosomes
• Which chromosomes in humans are considered autosomes?

  Chromosomes 1-22
• What are chromosomes made of?

  DNA and histone proteins
• What role do histone proteins play in chromosomes?

  Condense DNA
• During mitosis, chromosomes become highly condensed
• Crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis leads to genetic recombination.


  True
• What determines whether an individual will be male (XY) or female (XX)?

  Sex chromosomes
• Chromosomes ensure the accurate distribution of genetic information during cell division