2.2.6 Cancer

• What is cancer caused by?

  Uncontrolled cell division
• Match the type of tumor with its characteristic:

  Benign ↔️ Localized growth

  Malignant ↔️ Spreads to other areas
• Benign tumors are generally not life-threatening because they remain localized
• What are genetic mutations in DNA responsible for in cancer?

  Disrupted cell division
• Excessive alcohol consumption is a lifestyle factor that can increase the risk of cancer
• What is one main cause of cancer related to genetic factors?

  Genetic Mutations
• Lifestyle factors like smoking can increase the risk of cancer


  True
• Exposure to radon gas can lead to lung cancer
• Kaposi's sarcoma is an example of immune system dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals


  True
• What does unexplained weight loss often indicate in cancer patients?

  Rapid, unintentional weight loss
• Ongoing pain in a specific area of the body can be a symptom of cancer


  True
• New or changing lumps or growths on the body should be checked as possible symptoms of cancer
• What are some common symptoms of cancer that can be overlooked?

  Unexplained weight loss, fatigue, pain
• What diagnostic methods are used to detect cancer?

  Physical exams, blood tests, imaging
• Imaging tests like MRI can visualize tumors in the body


  True
• Match the cancer treatment with its description:

  Surgery ↔️ Removing the tumor and surrounding tissue

  Chemotherapy ↔️ Using anti-cancer drugs to kill dividing cells

  Radiation Therapy ↔️ Using high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells

  Immunotherapy ↔️ Boosting the immune system to fight cancer
• What is the primary purpose of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?

  Destroy cancer cells
• Cancerous cells can spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis
• What is the primary difference between benign and malignant tumors?

  Spread to other areas
• Order the main causes of cancer from most direct to indirect:

  1️⃣ Genetic Mutations

  2️⃣ Environmental Factors

  3️⃣ Lifestyle Factors

  4️⃣ Immune System Dysfunction
• Exposure to tobacco smoke is an example of an environmental factor that can cause cancer.

  True
• Match the cause of cancer with its example:

  Genetic Mutations ↔️ BRCA1/2 mutations in breast cancer

  Environmental Factors ↔️ Radon gas exposure in lung cancer
• Environmental factors such as radiation and chemicals damage DNA
• What role does immune system dysfunction play in cancer development?

  Fails to eliminate abnormal cells
• Which lifestyle factor is linked to colon cancer?

  Processed food diet
• Common symptoms of cancer

  1️⃣ Unexplained Weight Loss

  2️⃣ Fatigue

  3️⃣ Pain

  4️⃣ Changes in Bowel Habits

  5️⃣ Lumps or Growths
• Persistent tiredness not relieved by rest is a common symptom of fatigue
• What changes in bowel or bladder habits might indicate cancer?

  Changes in frequency, color, or consistency
• Early detection of cancer allows for more effective treatment

  True
• Match the symptom with its description:

  Unexplained Weight Loss ↔️ Rapid weight loss without dieting

  Fatigue ↔️ Persistent tiredness not relieved by rest

  Pain ↔️ Ongoing pain in a specific area

  Changes in Bowel Habits ↔️ Changes in frequency or consistency
• A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue
• What are the main types of cancer treatment?

  Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
• Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs to kill rapidly dividing cells
• A combination of different cancer treatments is often used for the most effective outcome


  True