2.2.4 Coronary Heart Disease: A Non-Communicable Disease

• What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

  Non-communicable disease
• Healthy coronary arteries have a wide, unobstructed lumen.

  True
• What are the common symptoms of CHD?

  Chest pain (angina) and heart attack
• Match the characteristic with the type of coronary artery:

  Wide, unobstructed lumen ↔️ Healthy coronary artery

  Narrowed, blocked lumen ↔️ Diseased coronary artery
• High blood pressure can damage and narrow arteries over time.


  True
• How does diabetes accelerate atherosclerosis?

  High blood sugar levels
• What are the symptoms of reduced blood flow in CHD?

  Angina and heart attack
• Obesity is linked to other risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol
• Reduced blood flow in CHD can cause a heart attack if the heart doesn't receive enough oxygen.


  True
• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is caused by the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
• A heart attack occurs when the heart muscle receives insufficient oxygen due to blocked arteries.


  True
• High blood pressure can damage and narrow the artery walls, leading to atherosclerosis.
• What is the effect of diabetes on CHD?

  Accelerates atherosclerosis
• Steps in the development of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

  1️⃣ Fatty deposits accumulate in arteries

  2️⃣ Plaque forms and hardens

  3️⃣ Arteries narrow and block

  4️⃣ Blood flow to heart reduces

  5️⃣ Heart muscle is oxygen-deprived
• Why is smoking a risk factor for CHD?

  Damages arteries and clots blood
• A blocked coronary artery can cause a heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction.
• What is the purpose of statins in managing CHD?

  Lower LDL cholesterol
• In CHD, the coronary arteries become narrowed and blocked due to the buildup of fatty deposits called plaque
• Diseased coronary arteries have a narrowed, blocked lumen due to plaque buildup
• Reduced blood flow in CHD can lead to a heart attack.


  True
• How does smoking contribute to CHD?

  Damages arteries and increases clotting
• High cholesterol leads to plaque buildup
• Match the risk factor with its effect on CHD:

  Lack of exercise ↔️ Weakens cardiovascular system

  Family history ↔️ Genetic predisposition to CHD
• High cholesterol is a risk factor for CHD because it leads to plaque buildup in the arteries.


  True
• Arrange the following characteristics of coronary arteries in order from healthy to diseased:

  1️⃣ Wide, unobstructed lumen

  2️⃣ Smooth artery walls

  3️⃣ Efficient blood flow

  4️⃣ Narrowed, blocked lumen

  5️⃣ Rough, irregular artery walls

  6️⃣ Restricted blood flow
• What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

  Artery narrowing and blockage
• What are the symptoms of reduced blood flow in CHD?

  Chest pain (angina)
• How does smoking contribute to CHD?

  Damages arteries and clots blood
• Lack of exercise weakens the cardiovascular system and increases the risk of CHD.


  True
• What is the role of high cholesterol in CHD?

  Leads to plaque buildup
• Atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries reduces blood flow to the heart muscle.


  True
• What type of diet is recommended for CHD prevention?

  Low saturated fat, high fiber
• Match the medical procedure with its purpose:

  Angioplasty ↔️ Opens blocked arteries

  Coronary Bypass Surgery ↔️ Improves heart oxygen supply