3.1.2 Viral Diseases

• Viral diseases are caused by viruses, tiny infectious agents that replicate inside living cells of other organisms
• Steps in the viral lifecycle

  1️⃣ Attachment

  2️⃣ Penetration

  3️⃣ Replication

  4️⃣ Assembly

  5️⃣ Release
• Airborne transmission involves the spread of viruses through tiny droplets or aerosols in the air
• Match the transmission method with an example:

  Airborne ↔️ Influenza

  Direct contact ↔️ HIV

  Vector-borne ↔️ Dengue

  Indirect contact ↔️ Rhinovirus
• What is one example of a viral disease spread through direct contact?

  Rhinovirus
• Steps in the viral lifecycle

  1️⃣ Attachment

  2️⃣ Penetration

  3️⃣ Replication

  4️⃣ Assembly

  5️⃣ Release
• What virus causes COVID-19?

  SARS-CoV-2
• Match the viral disease with its primary effect on the body:

  Hepatitis ↔️ Liver

  Measles ↔️ Skin and respiratory system

  Influenza ↔️ Respiratory system
• The common cold is the most common viral disease.


  True
• Hepatitis primarily affects the liver.
• What is the protein coat of a virus called?

  Capsid
• Steps in the viral lifecycle with corresponding descriptions

  1️⃣ Attachment: Virus binds to host cell receptors

  2️⃣ Penetration: Virus injects genetic material into the cell

  3️⃣ Replication: Viral genetic material is copied

  4️⃣ Assembly: New viral particles are formed

  5️⃣ Release: Viruses exit the host cell
• What does the capsid of a virus protect?

  Genetic material
• Indirect contact involves spreading viral diseases by touching contaminated surfaces.
• Viral diseases like HIV and herpes are spread through direct contact
• Why is understanding viral transmission methods important?

  Prevention and control
• COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
• What type of infection is caused by rhinoviruses?

  Common cold
• COVID-19 can lead to severe respiratory illness and potentially long-term health issues
• What is a distinctive symptom of measles?

  Red rash
• Antiviral medications reduce the severity and duration of illness by targeting viral replication
• Boosting the immune system through proper nutrition and rest can aid the body's natural defenses against viral infections.

  True
• The genetic material of a virus can only be DNA.

  False
• Match the viral structure with its description:

  Capsid ↔️ Protein coat surrounding the genetic material

  Genetic Material ↔️ DNA or RNA carrying viral genetic code
• Vector-borne transmission involves infected organisms like mosquitoes.


  True
• Influenza, also known as the flu, is a respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses
• Vector-borne viral diseases are spread by infected organisms
• Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses.


  True
• HIV attacks the immune system.
• What is a characteristic symptom of measles?

  Red rash
• What is a potential complication of influenza?

  Pneumonia
• Understanding viral symptoms is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment.


  True
• The genetic material of viruses can be either DNA or RNA.
• Airborne transmission is a method of spreading viral diseases through tiny droplets or aerosols in the air.


  True
• What is an example of a viral disease spread through airborne transmission?

  Influenza
• Indirect contact is a method of viral transmission involving contaminated surfaces or objects.

  True
• Arrange the types of influenza in order from least to most severe:

  1️⃣ Seasonal flu

  2️⃣ H1N1

  3️⃣ H5N1
• Hepatitis is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver.

  True
• What is a complication of influenza that can affect high-risk groups?

  Pneumonia
• Early symptoms of HIV/AIDS include fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.

  True