3.2.1 Non-specific Defence Systems

• What are non-specific defence systems?

  First line of defense
• Non-specific defence systems target specific pathogens.

  False
• What type of barrier are enzymes in saliva, tears, and stomach acid?

  Chemical barriers
• Non-specific defenses work faster than the specific immune response.


  True
• What do chemical barriers in the body do to pathogens?

  Destroy them chemically
• The skin prevents pathogen entry through its thick, waterproof layers
• What is the process called by which phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens?

  Phagocytosis
• Non-specific defense systems are the body's first line of defense against pathogens
• Non-specific defenses target particular pathogens

  False
• Order the components of non-specific defenses based on their primary action:

  1️⃣ Physical Barriers

  2️⃣ Chemical Barriers

  3️⃣ Phagocytes
• Match the physical barrier with its specific role:

  Skin ↔️ Prevents pathogen entry

  Mucous Membranes ↔️ Traps pathogens with mucus
• Which type of phagocyte has a short lifespan and quickly migrates to sites of infection?

  Neutrophils
• What is the cause of swelling during inflammation?

  Fluid accumulation
• Pyrogens, released during infection, reset the body's internal thermostat in the hypothalamus
• Non-specific defence systems are the body's first line of defense against pathogens
• The skin, mucus membranes, cilia, and stomach acid are examples of physical barriers
• Match the type of phagocyte with its role:

  Macrophages ↔️ Engulf pathogens and clear debris

  Neutrophils ↔️ Migrate quickly to infection sites
• Physical barriers in the body include the skin, mucus membranes, cilia, and stomach acid
• Mucous membranes trap pathogens with sticky mucus.


  True
• During phagocytosis, a phagosome fuses with a lysosome
• The body's non-specific defense systems include three main components
• What are the two crucial physical barriers in the non-specific defense system?

  Skin and mucous membranes
• Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens through a process called phagocytosis
• The inflammatory response is initiated by the release of histamine


  True
• Order the stages of fever based on increasing temperature range in Celsius:

  1️⃣ Normal (36.5-37.5°C)

  2️⃣ Mild Fever (37.5-38.5°C)

  3️⃣ Moderate Fever (38.5-39.5°C)

  4️⃣ High Fever (39.5°C and above)
• Fever inhibits the growth of bacteria and viruses


  True