3.3.1 How Vaccines Work

• Vaccination stimulates the immune system without causing the actual disease.


  True
• Match the source and risk of vaccination versus natural infection:

  Vaccination Source ↔️ Weakened or inactivated pathogen

  Natural Infection Source ↔️ Live pathogen

  Vaccination Risk ↔️ Minimal to none

  Natural Infection Risk ↔️ Moderate to high
• Memory B and T cells are created during vaccination to allow for a rapid response upon future exposure to the pathogen
• What is used in a live attenuated vaccine?

  Weakened live pathogen
• Match the type of vaccine with its description:

  Live Attenuated ↔️ Uses weakened live pathogen

  Inactivated ↔️ Uses killed pathogen

  Toxoid ↔️ Uses inactivated toxins

  mRNA ↔️ Uses genetic material
• mRNA vaccines are a newer technology that can be rapidly developed
• What are the four main types of vaccines discussed in the study material?

  Live Attenuated, Inactivated, Toxoid, mRNA
• Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the live pathogen
• Inactivated vaccines use killed or inactivated forms of the pathogen to trigger an immune response.

  True
• mRNA vaccines use genetic material to instruct cells to produce specific pathogen proteins
• How does the immune system respond to a vaccine?

  Produces antibodies and memory cells
• Memory B and T cells are created during the immune response to a vaccine.

  True
• The key advantage of vaccination is that it builds protection without causing the full disease
• Herd immunity protects unvaccinated individuals when a high percentage of others are immune.

  True
• What level of immunity is required for herd immunity against COVID-19?

  70-80%
• Steps in the vaccination process:

  1️⃣ Antigen Exposure

  2️⃣ Immune Response

  3️⃣ Memory Cell Creation
• Live attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the live pathogen
• Toxoid vaccines use inactivated toxins
• Live attenuated vaccines provide the strongest and longest-lasting immunity.


  True
• Match the immune response to vaccination with its description:

  Antigen Exposure ↔️ Pathogen is recognized by immune system

  Immune Response ↔️ Specific antibodies are produced

  Memory Cell Creation ↔️ Memory B and T cells are formed
• Memory B and T cells provide long-lasting immunity
• What is herd immunity and how does it work?

  High immunity reduces spread
• Why is vaccinating a significant portion of the population crucial for herd immunity?

  Reduces disease spread
• Mild pain or redness at the injection site is a common but mild side effect of vaccines.
• Vaccination involves introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen, known as an antigen
• Steps of the immune system response to vaccination

  1️⃣ Antigen Exposure

  2️⃣ Immune Response

  3️⃣ Memory Cell Creation
• What type of immunity is created by vaccination?

  Active immunity
• The immunity created by vaccination is usually long-lasting.


  True
• Inactivated vaccines use killed or inactivated forms of the pathogen
• Which type of vaccine provides the strongest and longest-lasting immunity?

  Live Attenuated
• Live attenuated vaccines carry a higher risk compared to inactivated vaccines.

  True
• What do toxoid vaccines use to stimulate an immune response?

  Inactivated toxins
• Live attenuated vaccines provide the strongest and longest-lasting immunity but carry a higher risk compared to inactivated vaccines.


  True
• The weakened or inactivated pathogen in a vaccine is recognized as an antigen
• Match the immune response type with its characteristics:

  Vaccination ↔️ Minimal to no disease risk

  Natural Infection ↔️ Moderate to high disease risk
• What is the role of memory B and T cells formed after vaccination?

  Provide long-lasting immunity
• Herd immunity for measles requires a 95% level of immunity.
• Vaccination introduces a weakened or inactivated pathogen into the body to stimulate an immune response.

  True
• What is the risk associated with vaccination compared to natural infection?

  Minimal to none
• What is used in inactivated vaccines to trigger an immune response?

  Killed pathogen