Lesson 3 : Information Literacy

• Information Literacy is a set of skills requiring people to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information.
• Information - facts or details about something. These are structured or classified data.
• Through the use of analytical tools, data can be converted into understandable and useful language.
• Data - raw, unstructured, needs deeper analysis, meaningless.
• Information - organized, structured, readily understandable,reportable and useful.
• Information is one click away.

  Information is accessible. Information is cheap.

  Information is easy to get.
• Integrity - Having the character quality of being honest, reliable and fair.
• Information Integrity is the extent of the information and related contents to be verifiable with facts and research.
• Points of Consideration in evaluating Information Integrity :

  1. Information should be filtered.
  2. Source of information should be known.
  3. Content must be verifiable.
  4. Information presented proofs and supporting details.
• Information Demands - refer to the requirement of information. Example : Academic Research News & Updates
• Information Wants - deal with the desire to have information.

  Example : Social Media Status, Movie or Story
• Information Needs - motivation that drives people to seek information to find answers to their questions, or solutions to their problems.
• An information literate should be able to:

  1. Determine the extent of information needed.
  2. Access the needed information effectively and efficiently.
  3. Evaluate information and its sources critically.
  4. Incorporate selected information into one's knowledge base.
  5. Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
  6. Understand the economic, legal, and social issues in use of information, and access and use information ethically and legally.
• Need Continuum by Taylor (1968) :

  1. Actual but Unexpressed Needs
  2. Conscious Description of the Need
  3. Formal Statement of the Need
  4. Comprised Need
• Stage/Element of Information Literacy 1. Identifying/recognizing information needs 2. Determining sources of information 3. Citing or searching for information 4. Analyzing and evaluating the quality of Information 5. Organizing, storing, or archiving information 6. Using information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way 7. Creating and communicating new knowledge
• Unpublished Sources - information that accessible through online and unprinted content.

  i.e. Wikipedia, Blog
• Refereed Sources - peer-reviewed content that are published through formal publications.

  i.e. Textbooks, Magazines
• Primary Sources - information that were gathered first-hand by the information seeker i.e. Survey, Interview, News, FB Status
• Secondary Sources - information that were handed down thru other forms of media

  i.e. Books, Journals, Thesis
• Communication - process of relaying or transferring information through various media.

  Transfer of Meaning - communication of information that tells a meaning about a certain subject

  Subject - the agenda of communication which is typically a topic or any points of interest.
• Ethical Use of Information

  Ethics - branch of philosophy that deals what is conduct right or wrong Ethical Standards - predetermined set of guidelines based on code of morality that the society accepts Plagiarism - violation of not giving the credits due to the author of source of information
• Research Writing Techniques to avoid Plagiarism : Direct Quotation - use of quotation marks to copy the idea verbatim. Paraphrasing- putting text being borrowed in own words and style. Summarizing - putting text into a shorter paragraph by getting only the main ideas. In-Text Citation - method of citing the author within the paragraph. Footnotes - appending the bibliography of a labeled text at the bottom of the page.
• Tips on Ethical Use of Information:

  1. Give credit to where it is due
  2. Practice due negligence
  3. Respect everyone's privacy
  4. Separate facts from opinions
  5. Think before you click