Leaf structure

• What are the different levels of organization in plants?

  Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
• What is the function of the organ system formed by leaves, stems, and roots?

  Transport of substances around the plant
• What is the structure being examined in the study material?

  A leaf
• What is the primary function of leaves?

  Photosynthesis
• What do leaves require for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• How is water transported to the leaves?

  By roots and xylem
• How does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?

  Through stomata from the outside air
• What are stomata?

  Little holes for gas exchange
• Where are stomata primarily located on a leaf?

  On the lower epidermis
• What is the spongy mesophyll tissue's role in leaves?

  Facilitates gas diffusion
• Where does most photosynthesis occur in the leaf?

  In the palisade mesophyll layer
• What do palisade cells contain that is crucial for photosynthesis?

  Chloroplasts
• Why is the upper epidermis of the leaf almost transparent?

  To allow sunlight to pass through
• How are sugars transported in the plant after photosynthesis?

  By phloem
• What is the main problem leaves face regarding water?

  Water loss
• What role does the waxy cuticle play on leaves?

  Prevents water loss
• How do stomata affect water loss?

  They allow water to diffuse out
• How do guard cells regulate stomata?

  By changing shape based on water levels
• What happens to guard cells when the plant is short of water?

  They become flaccid and close stomata
• Why do guard cells close at night?

  To conserve water when photosynthesis isn't occurring
• Why are most stomata located on the underside of leaves?

  To reduce water evaporation
• What is meristem tissue in plants?

  Plant stem cells for growth
• Where are meristem tissues found?

  At the growing tips of roots and shoots
• What are the key functions of leaves in plants?

  • Photosynthesis
  • Gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out)
  • Water regulation
• How do plants balance carbon dioxide intake and water loss?

  • Stomata open for CO2 absorption
  • Guard cells regulate stomata based on water availability
  • Stomata close to minimize water loss
• What are the main tissues involved in leaf structure and function?

  • Epidermal tissue (upper and lower)
  • Mesophyll tissue (palisade and spongy)
  • Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
• What adaptations do leaves have to prevent water loss?

  • Waxy cuticle on the surface
  • Stomata regulation by guard cells
  • Stomata primarily on the underside
• What is the role of chloroplasts in leaves?

  • Site of photosynthesis
  • Contain chlorophyll for light absorption