Types of Research

• Research

  • systematic process of collecting data and analyzing probiem
• • Increase our understanding of the phenomenon
  • Logical and systematic search for now and useful information

  Research
• Kumar ( 2011)

  three types of research:

  • appreciation of the findings of the study
  • objective of the study
  • enquiry mode
• Kumar ( 2011)

  three types of research:

  • application of the findings of the study
  • objective of the study
  • enquiry mode
• Pure (Basic) Research

  • Academic in nature
• • undertaken to gain knowledge, develop new techniques, and procedures that form the body of research
  • developing and testing new theories

  Pure Research
• Applied research

  • find solutions of everyday problem and develop innovative technologies rather than acquire knowledge
• Descriptive

  •  study that attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem, phenomenon, or provide information living conditions of a community, or describe attitudes towards an issue.
• • focus on discovering new meanings, describing what exists, and the frequency which something occurs.

  Descriptive
• most social science are applied research
• answering the "what, when, where" questions

  Descriptive
• correlational

  discover or establish the existence of a relationship / association / interdependence between two or more variable
• Exploratory

  • determine how reasonable or possible to conduct a study
• Action

  • ongoing practice of a school, organization, community
• • obtain results that will bring improvement in the system

  Action Research
• Quantitative (structured research) - ( counting numbers)

  • to quantify the variation and diversity in a phenomenon, situation, or attitude
• • develop and empioy mathematica) model, theories, methodologies

  Quantitative
• Qualitative (unstructured)

  • describer the variation and diversity in a phenomenon, cituation, or attitude with a flexible approach to identify as much variation.
• finding out the quality of a specific variable

  Qualitative
• Types of Application Research (Scientific/Society)

  • Pure
  • Applied
• Types of Objective Research (Purpose/Goal)

  • Action
  • Exploratory
  • Explanatory
  • Descriptive
  • Correlational
• Mode of Enquiry (Data needed)

  • Quantitative
  • Qualitative
• “RESEARCH IS A CAREFUL INVESTIGATION OR

  INQUIRY, ESPECIALLY THROUGH THE SEARCH

  FOR NEW FACTS IN ANY BRANCH OF

  KNOWLEDGE. RESEARCH IS A SYSTEMATIZED

  EFFORT TO GAIN NEW KNOWLEDGE.”

  REDMAN & MARY
• "IT IS A CAREFUL INVESTIGATION OR

  INQUIRY, ESPECIALLY THROUGH THE SEARCH

  FOR NEW FACTS IN ANY BRANCH OF

  KNOWLEDGE. RESEARCH IS A SYSTEMATIZED

  EFFORT TO GAIN NEW KNOWLEDGE.” (Redman and Mary)

  Research
• Focuses on testing theories and Hypothesis

  Quantitative
• Analyze through the use of statistical analysis (spearman, Pearson, Annova, Chi-square)

  Quantitative
• Mainly expressed in numbers, tables, and graphs

  Quantitative
• Requires a large number of respondents (teachers, students, community members, etc)

  Quantitative
• Uses close-ended questions Answerable by yes or no, true or false, multiple choice, rating scale (likert scale)

  Quantitative
• Uses controlled and modified variables

  • Uses a hypothesis

  Quantitative
• Focuses on EXPLORING and EXPLAINING ideas and experiences

  Qualitative
• Analyze by summarizing categorizing and interpreting (Thematic analysis among others) - Mainly expressed in words through narrations

  Qualitative
• Does not require a large number of respondents (Administrators, officials, individuals, specific set of individuals)

  Qualitative
• Uses open ended questions (questions usually require an explanation (Explain, discuss, how, why, etc,)

  Qualitative
• Focuses on an individual a particular set of people (Ethnicity) phenomenon, event

  • Does not use hypothesis

  Qualitative
• to clarify why and how there is a relationship

  between two aspects of a situation or

  phenomenon.

  Explanatory