Ionic Bonding

• What type of bond is formed when particles bond together through ionic bonds?

  Ionic bonds
• How are ions formed from atoms?

  Atoms lose or gain electrons
• What happens to a sodium atom to form a sodium ion?

  It loses one electron
• What charge does a sodium ion have?

  One plus
• Why does a sodium atom need to lose an electron?

  To achieve stability with a full outer shell
• How is a chloride ion formed from chlorine?

  Chlorine gains one electron
• What charge does a chloride ion have?

  One minus
• What happens to sodium and chlorine during ionic bonding?

  Electrons transfer from sodium to chlorine
• What is the significance of the charges of the two ions in ionic bonding?

  They attract each other due to opposite charges
• What is the force that holds ionic compounds together?

  Ionic bond
• How do dot and cross diagrams represent ionic bonding?

  Electrons are shown as dots and crosses
• What should you include when drawing a dot and cross diagram?

  Movement of electrons with an arrow
• What is the purpose of using dots and crosses in diagrams?

  To distinguish which electrons belong to which atom
• When might you only need to draw the outermost shell in a dot and cross diagram?

  When instructed to do so for simplicity
• How do you draw the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)?

  • Draw magnesium with two outer electrons.
  • Draw two chlorine atoms with seven outer electrons each.
  • Show magnesium giving one electron to each chlorine.
  • Represent magnesium as a Mg²⁺ ion and each chlorine as Cl^- ion.
  • Arrange ions as they would be in a compound.
• What happens to magnesium's electrons in the formation of magnesium chloride?

  Magnesium loses two electrons to chlorine
• How many chloride ions are formed from one magnesium atom in magnesium chloride?

  Two chloride ions
• How are the chloride ions arranged in the dot and cross diagram for magnesium chloride?

  On either side of the magnesium ion
• What is the overall charge of a magnesium ion in magnesium chloride?

  Two plus
• Why do electrons move from magnesium to chlorine in magnesium chloride formation?

  To achieve full outer shells for stability
• What is the relationship between ionic bonds and covalent bonds in terms of strength?

  They are similar in strength