Nervous system

• What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  To transmit signals throughout the body
• What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

  CNS and PNS
• What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

  Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
• How does the nervous system communicate with the body?

  Through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters
• What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

  It acts as a conduit for signals between the brain and body
• What is the function of motor neurons?

  To transmit signals to muscles for movement
• What type of movement is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

  Involuntary movements
• What is the difference between somatic and autonomic systems?

  Somatic controls voluntary actions; autonomic controls involuntary actions
• What are sensory neurons responsible for?

  Transmitting sensory information to the CNS
• How do reflex actions occur?

  Through a direct pathway from sensory to motor neurons
• What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier?

  It protects the brain from harmful substances
• What is the role of neurotransmitters?

  To transmit signals across synapses
• What happens during synaptic transmission?

  Neurotransmitters are released and bind to receptors
• How does the nervous system respond to intense physical activity?

  By increasing heart rate and blood flow
• What is the function of the sensory cortex?

  To process sensory information from the body
• What is the role of the hypothalamus in the nervous system?

  To regulate homeostasis and autonomic functions
• How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems differ?

  Sympathetic prepares for fight-or-flight; parasympathetic promotes rest
• What is the primary role of the cerebellum?

  To coordinate voluntary movements and balance
• What is the function of the brainstem?

  To control basic life functions like breathing
• How does the nervous system adapt to new experiences?

  Through neuroplasticity, forming new neural connections
• What is the role of glial cells in the nervous system?

  To support and protect neurons
• How do pain receptors function?

  They detect harmful stimuli and send signals to the brain
• What is the impact of chronic stress on the nervous system?

  It can lead to dysfunction and health issues
• What is the function of the thalamus?

  To relay sensory information to the cortex
• What is the role of the limbic system?

  To regulate emotions and memory
• How does the nervous system influence behavior?

  By integrating sensory input and coordinating responses
• What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

  To process visual information
• How does the nervous system maintain homeostasis?

  By regulating internal conditions through feedback mechanisms
• What is the significance of the corpus callosum?

  It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain
• What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?

  To manage complex cognitive behavior and decision making
• How does the nervous system respond to danger?

  By activating the fight-or-flight response
• What is the effect of neurodegenerative diseases on the nervous system?

  They lead to progressive loss of function and structure
• What is the function of the amygdala?

  To process emotions, especially fear
• How does the nervous system facilitate learning?

  By forming and strengthening neural connections
• What is the role of the basal ganglia in movement?

  To coordinate and regulate voluntary movements
• What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

  To form and retrieve memories
• How does the nervous system adapt to injury?

  Through neuroplasticity, allowing for recovery and compensation
• What is the impact of sleep on the nervous system?

  It is essential for memory consolidation and recovery
• What is the role of the reticular formation?

  To regulate arousal and consciousness
• How does chronic pain affect the nervous system?

  It can lead to changes in pain perception and processing