Physical Science

• Big Bang

  This term does not imply that there was an explosion but the truth is there was an expansion.
• The term "Big Bang" does not imply an explosion but the expansion of the universe.
• Nucleosynthesis is the process that creates new atomic nucleus from preexisting nucleons, primarily protons and neutron.
• Big bang Nucleosynthesis is the process that created elements in the early universe.
• Nuclear fusion is the process by which light nuclei fuse together to form a heavier nucleus.
• Stellar nucleosynthesis is the process by which elements are created within stars by combining together the proton and neutrons from the nuclei of lighter elements.
• A supernova is a massive explosion of stars.
• Hydrogen has the simplest nucleus among all the elements.
• In a neutron capture reaction, heavy elements are created by the addition of more neutrons to existing nuclei instead of fusion of light nuclei.
• Isotopes are a form of elements that has the same atomic number of the original element but with a different atomic mass number.
• The Big Bang Theory explains the early universe's expansion, not the formation of elements.
• High temperature can lead to the collision of particles.
• The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.
• The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, not electrons.
• Electrons have a negative charge.
• Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three subatomic particles.
• The periodic table is arranged based on increasing atomic number.
• The atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons, not electrons.
• In isotope notation, the atomic mass is written as a subscript, not a superscript.
• In isotope notation, the atomic mass is written as a subscript and the mass number is written as a superscript.
• According to the theory, the universe has been expanding ever since it first formed about 13 billion years ago.
• Atoms are the basic unit of a chemical element, the smallest unit of matter, and a source of nuclear energy
• Elements are pure substances
• The theory of an atom started in the 5th century BCE in ancient Greek.
• Atomos is a Greek word that means indivisible
• Leucippus was the first to propose the idea of an atom
• Democritus, Leucippus' student, also believed in the concept of atoms and pointed out that all matter was composed of small indestructible particles
• Atomists were supporters of the theory proposed by Leucippus and Democritus
• Aristotle strongly opposed the atomists' theory, believing that all things can be divided infinitely
• Daniel Sennert turned metal into acid
• Boyle coined the term mechanical philosophy
• Andreas Libavius was prominent in the early 17th century
• John Dalton revived the atomic theory 2000 years after Democritus and Leucippus proposed it. He formulated his theory based on Antoine Lavoisier's law
• CRT is a glass tube with two electrodes: anode (positive electrode) and cathode (negative electrode)
• Julius Plucker was the first to identify cathode rays
• Karl Ferdinand Braun improved the CRT using the Braun tube, which led to the development of computer monitors
• Eugen Goldstein, a German physicist, was an early investigator of discharge tubes, discovered anode rays, and found positively charged subatomic particles
• Ernest Rutherford coined the term "proton" and verified Thompson's atomic model through his gold foil experiment
• JJ Thompson, using the CRT experiment, discovered that the atom is composed of negatively charged particles known as electrons
• James Chadwick, in 1932, discovered neutral particles called neutrons