9.1 Introduction to Entropy

• What does entropy measure in thermodynamics?

  Disorder or randomness
• Entropy increases in spontaneous processes.


  True
• Match the state of matter with its entropy level:

  Crystalline solid ↔️ Low

  Liquid ↔️ Moderate

  Gas ↔️ High
• Arrange the following processes in terms of increasing entropy change:

  1️⃣ Ice forming ||| Water freezing ||| Gas compressing

  2️⃣ Ice melting ||| Gas expanding
• The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy of an isolated system decreases over time.

  False
• What type of processes require energy input to occur?

  Non-spontaneous
• Spontaneous processes decrease the entropy of a system.

  False
• A system with low entropy has a greater number of possible arrangements of its particles.

  False
• Arrange the states of matter in terms of increasing entropy:

  1️⃣ Solid

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Gas
• A system with high entropy has fewer possible arrangements of its particles.

  False
• A crystalline solid is an example of a system with low disorder and low entropy
• The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system not in equilibrium will tend to increase
• Match the process with the entropy change it produces:

  Spontaneous ↔️ Increases entropy

  Non-spontaneous ↔️ Decreases entropy
• Spontaneous processes lead to greater disorder
• What is the equation for calculating changes in entropy?

  $\Delta S =$$\frac{q}{T}$
• The entropy change when ice melts at 0°C is positive.


  True
• The formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen leads to a decrease in entropy.


  True
• The unit of entropy is J/K
• What does disorder refer to in the context of entropy?

  Lack of structure
• A system with high entropy has a greater number of possible arrangements
• The increase in entropy during spontaneous processes drives the natural tendency towards disorder
• What symbol denotes entropy?

  S
• Match the system with its disorder and entropy level:

  Highly structured ↔️ Low

  Organized ↔️ Moderate

  Completely random ↔️ High
• In the context of entropy, disorder refers to randomness or lack of structure
• Match the level of order with the corresponding entropy level:

  Highly structured ↔️ Low entropy

  Organized ↔️ Moderate entropy

  Completely random ↔️ High entropy
• A gas has high disorder and high entropy.


  True
• What type of process increases the entropy of a system?

  Spontaneous
• Non-spontaneous processes require energy input to occur.

  True
• The tendency for entropy to increase is a fundamental principle of thermodynamics.


  True
• In the entropy change equation, 'q' represents the heat absorbed or released
• What type of reactions are more likely to occur spontaneously based on entropy changes?

  $\Delta S > 0$
• Match the factor affecting entropy change with its effect:

  Change in Physical State ↔️ Solid → Liquid → Gas increases entropy

  Temperature Increase ↔️ Higher temperature increases entropy

  Molecular Complexity ↔️ More complex molecules increase entropy
• What does understanding entropy changes help predict in chemical reactions?

  Favorability