8.2 Fluid Dynamics

• In fluid statics, the fluid is stationary, while in fluid dynamics, the fluid is in motion.


  True
• Match the primary concepts with their corresponding branch of fluid mechanics:

  Fluid Statics ↔️ Pressure, Buoyancy

  Fluid Dynamics ↔️ Flow rate, Velocity, Pressure
• What is an example of an application of fluid dynamics?

  Aerodynamics
• The formula for pressure is $P =$$\frac{F}{A}$, where F is the force and A is the area
• The formula for flow rate is $Q =$$AV$, where A is the area and V is the velocity.


  True
• Match the fluid mechanics concepts with their definitions and formulas:

  Pressure ↔️ Force per unit area; $P =$$\frac{F}{A}$

  Flow Rate ↔️ Volume of fluid per unit time; $Q =$$AV$

  Continuity Equation ↔️ Flow rate remains constant; $A_{1}V_{1} =$$A_{2}V_{2}$
• In fluid dynamics, the primary concepts are flow rate, velocity, and pressure
• Flow rate is measured in cubic meters per second
• The continuity equation states that the flow rate remains constant along a tube with varying cross-sectional areas
• Match the variables in the continuity equation with their meanings:

  \(A_1\) ↔️ Area at point 1

  \(V_1\) ↔️ Velocity at point 1

  \(A_2\) ↔️ Area at point 2

  \(V_2\) ↔️ Velocity at point 2
• What is the formula for pressure?

  P = \frac{F}{A}</latex>
• The continuity equation applies when the flow rate remains constant
• \(\rho\) in Bernoulli's equation represents the density of the fluid.


  True
• What is the focus of Bernoulli's principle?

  Pressure, velocity, height
• What is the formula for shear stress in viscous fluids?

  $\tau =$$\eta \frac{dv}{dy}$
• The primary focus of fluid statics is on fluids that are stationary
• What are the units for pressure?

  Pascals (Pa)
• What is the formula for pressure in fluid dynamics?

  $P =$$\frac{F}{A}$
• What is the formula for flow rate in fluid dynamics?

  $Q =$$AV$
• The continuity equation states that the flow rate remains constant in a tube with varying areas.


  True
• What does Bernoulli's principle state about fluid pressure and velocity?

  Increase in velocity decreases pressure
• The viscosity of a fluid decreases with increasing temperature.


  True
• What is the relationship between shear stress and shear rate in viscous fluids?

  $\tau =$$\eta \frac{dv}{dy}$
• What characterizes turbulent flow in fluids?

  Irregular mixing and chaotic motion
• What is the formula for the Reynolds number?

  $\Re =$$\frac{\rho v d}{\eta}$
• What is fluid dynamics the study of?

  Fluids in motion
• Fluid dynamics considers concepts such as flow rate, velocity, and pressure
• Pascal's law and Archimedes' principle are key equations in fluid statics.
• Pressure in fluids is the force per unit area.


  True
• What does flow rate measure in fluids?

  Volume per unit time
• The continuity equation states that the flow rate remains constant along a tube with varying cross-sectional areas
• What are the primary concepts analyzed in fluid dynamics?

  Flow rate, Velocity, Pressure
• The continuity equation implies that the flow rate is the same at two different points in a tube with varying areas.


  True
• What is the formula for flow rate?

  $Q =$$AV$
• The formula for the continuity equation is A_{1}V_{1} = A_{2}V_{2}</latex>


  True
• Pressure is measured in pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch
• Flow rate measures the volume of fluid passing through an area per unit time.


  True
• What does Bernoulli's principle state about fluid velocity and pressure?

  Velocity increases, pressure decreases
• In aerodynamics, Bernoulli's principle explains how airflow over an airplane wing creates lift
• Ideal fluids have zero viscosity