3.1 Research Methods

• What are research methods used for in sociology?

  Gathering and analyzing information
• Primary data is original information collected directly by the researcher.
• Match the feature with the correct data type:

  Source for primary data ↔️ Collected directly by the researcher

  Source for secondary data ↔️ Obtained from existing sources
• Secondary data may be outdated or historical.


  True
• Which method is used to explore social phenomena through in-depth understanding?

  Qualitative methods
• The objective of qualitative research is to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

  False
• What is the source of primary data?

  Collected directly by the researcher
• How does the timeliness of primary data compare to secondary data?

  Data is current and up-to-date
• Primary data is typically more expensive to collect compared to secondary data.
• Match the type of data with its corresponding research method:

  Numerical data ↔️ Quantitative methods

  Descriptive data ↔️ Qualitative methods

  Original information ↔️ Primary data

  Published statistics ↔️ Secondary data
• Secondary data is always cheaper to obtain than primary data.


  True
• What are examples of methods used to gather qualitative primary data?

  Interviews and ethnography
• Qualitative research uses descriptive data such as words, observations, and images.
• Qualitative research aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships.

  False
• Quantitative research often uses methods such as surveys, experiments, and structured interviews.
• What is a key advantage of using questionnaires in research?

  Efficient, standardized, easy to analyze
• Interviews are prone to interviewer bias.


  True
• Participant observation involves the researcher actively participating in and observing a group or community.
• What does immersion refer to in participant observation?

  Researcher becomes part of the group
• What are research methods used for in sociology?

  Understanding social phenomena
• What is the scope of case studies compared to other methods?

  Narrow
• Case studies use both qualitative and quantitative data.
• Case studies provide a high level of detail compared to other methods.


  True
• Match the data type with the research method:

  Descriptive ↔️ Qualitative

  Numerical ↔️ Quantitative
• What does a researcher do in participant observation?

  Actively participates
• In participant observation, the researcher becomes part of the group being studied.
• Participant observation requires a large sample size.

  False
• Analyzing secondary data involves using information that has already been collected by others
• Official statistics are numerical data collected by government agencies.


  True
• What do documents provide in secondary data analysis?

  Detailed contextual insights
• Conducting ethical sociological research is crucial to protect research participants.

  True
• What should researchers do if they observe illegal activities during participant observation?

  Consult ethical guidelines
• Research methods are the specific techniques used to gather and analyze information to understand social phenomena
• What type of data do quantitative methods focus on?

  Numerical data
• Match the research method with its feature:

  Quantitative Methods ↔️ Numerical data

  Qualitative Methods ↔️ Descriptive insights
• Secondary data is obtained from existing sources such as official statistics.


  True
• Data analysis in qualitative research involves the interpretation of themes and patterns
• Match the research objective with the correct approach:

  Understanding experiences ↔️ Qualitative research

  Establishing cause-and-effect ↔️ Quantitative research
• Which methods are commonly used in quantitative research?

  Surveys, experiments, structured interviews
• What is the primary purpose of surveys in research?

  Collecting data from a sample