6.3.2 The role of gender in shaping life chances

• What does social stratification refer to?

  Hierarchical division of society
• Gender norms and stereotypes influence an individual's life chances.

  True
• Match the social class with its approximate household income:

  Upper Class ↔️ $250,000 +$$< item2_{e}nd > < pair_{e}nd > < pair_{s}tart > < item1_{s}tart > Middle Class < item1_{e}nd > < item2_{s}tart >$50,000 - $250,000

  Lower Class ↔️ Under $50,000
• Gender norms and stereotypes influence access to education, employment opportunities, health outcomes, and political representation
• Disparities in opportunities between women and men are a result of social stratification
• Boys may underachieve academically due to pressure to conform to traditional masculinity.


  True
• What type of role models are needed to promote gender equality in education?

  Positive role models
• Occupational segregation refers to the concentration of women in higher-paying professions.

  False
• Women have higher rates of depression and anxiety due to stress from balancing family and work
• What is the rate of suicide among men compared to women according to a WHO study?

  3-4 times higher
• The wealth gap indicates that women hold significantly less wealth than men
• What are the three key factors that influence social stratification?

  Wealth, status, power
• Women earn approximately 82 cents for every dollar earned by men, according to a 2020 study by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

  True
• How does wealth affect life chances, according to the study material?

  Determines access to resources
• What influence does gender have on life chances, according to the study material?

  Access to education
• Unequal access to resources creates a social hierarchy that shapes life chances
• Gender influences life chances by affecting access to opportunities within a social stratification system.


  True
• What is a common barrier women face in education, according to the study material?

  Lower educational attainment
• Boys currently face challenges in education, such as pressure to conform to traditional masculinity.

  True
• In some regions, girls' literacy rates are lower than boys due to cultural norms
• Women earn on average 15-20% less than men for doing the same work in the labor market.


  True
• Stereotypes often steer women away from STEM fields
• What is the wage gap in the US, according to studies cited in the material?

  18%
• Women face higher rates of hiring discrimination compared to men.


  True
• Men have shorter lifespans and are more prone to acute illnesses and injuries.


  True
• What does the income gap refer to?

  Difference in average earnings
• How do social norms impact gender roles?

  Reinforce traditional expectations
• What is an example of a restrictive social norm for women in some parts of Africa?

  Barriers to owning land
• Policies like paid parental leave support work-life balance
• What type of media representation is needed to challenge traditional gender stereotypes?

  Positive and diverse
• Life chances refer to the opportunities and outcomes individuals have in life
• What are some strategies to promote gender equality in education?

  Reform curricula, encourage diversity
• Geographic location is a factor that provides varying access to resources and opportunities
• Women generally have greater access to education than men.

  False
• Girls often face limited education access due to socio-cultural norms and economic constraints
• Strategies to promote gender equality in education

  1️⃣ Remove barriers limiting girls' education

  2️⃣ Reform curricula to address boys' needs

  3️⃣ Encourage teacher diversity

  4️⃣ Implement gender-sensitive policies
• Women earn on average 15-20% less than men for doing the same work
• What is the approximate gender wage gap in the US according to a 2020 study?

  18%
• Men have higher rates of mental disorders than women.

  False
• Women earn approximately 82 cents for every dollar earned by men.

  True