P1.1 The Particle Model

• What is the particle arrangement in a solid according to the Particle Model?

  Regularly packed, close together
• In a liquid, particles are packed closely but randomly
• How does the arrangement of particles differ between a solid and a liquid?

  Regularly vs. randomly packed
• Arrange the states of matter based on increasing particle spacing.

  1️⃣ Solid

  2️⃣ Liquid

  3️⃣ Gas
• At the particle level, solids, liquids, and gases differ in their particle arrangement, movement, and spacing
• In a solid, particles are regularly packed and vibrate in fixed positions
• What is the spacing between particles in a gas?

  Large
• Match the property with the state of matter:

  Fixed shape and volume ↔️ Solid

  No fixed shape or volume ↔️ Gas

  Fixed volume, no fixed shape ↔️ Liquid
• Pure substances are made up of only one type of particle.

  True
• What are two examples of pure substances mentioned in the study material?

  Pure water and gold
• A higher temperature increases the rate of diffusion.


  True
• What does the Particle Model describe about the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

  They differ
• What is the particle arrangement in a gas according to the Particle Model?

  Widely spread out
• Which state of matter has the highest compressibility?

  Gas
• Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape
• What model is used to understand the properties of solids, liquids, and gases?

  Particle Model
• Liquids have a fixed shape but no fixed volume.

  False
• What drives the movement of particles in diffusion?

  Kinetic energy
• Arrange the following factors in order of their effect on diffusion rate, from highest to lowest:

  1️⃣ Temperature

  2️⃣ Concentration gradient

  3️⃣ Particle size

  4️⃣ Medium
• Increased temperature increases Brownian motion.
• Match the state of matter with its particle movement:

  Solid ↔️ Vibrate in fixed positions

  Liquid ↔️ Move around each other

  Gas ↔️ Move randomly and rapidly
• Liquids take the shape of their container because their particles can move around each other.
• What happens to the volume of a gas when it is heated?

  Expands
• The Particle Model describes matter as being made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving
• In a solid, particles vibrate in fixed positions.


  True
• What type of movement do gas particles exhibit according to the Particle Model?

  Randomly and rapidly
• Match the state of matter with its correct particle arrangement:

  Solid ↔️ Regularly packed

  Liquid ↔️ Packed closely but randomly

  Gas ↔️ Widely spread out
• Gas particles move randomly and rapidly due to large spaces between them.


  True
• What does the Particle Model describe matter as being composed of?

  Tiny particles
• In a liquid, particles move randomly and rapidly.

  False
• Solids, liquids, and gases differ in their particle arrangement, movement, and spacing
• What is a mixture defined as in terms of particle bonding?

  Physically combined, not chemically bonded
• Salt water is an example of a mixture
• Steps in the process of diffusion according to the Particle Model:

  1️⃣ Particles move from higher concentration

  2️⃣ Particles move to lower concentration

  3️⃣ Uniform distribution is reached
• How does particle size affect the rate of diffusion?

  Smaller particles diffuse faster
• Diffusion is faster in gases and liquids due to greater particle spacing
• The specific arrangement and movement of particles determine the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.


  True
• Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape
• Gases are highly compressible because their particles are widely spread with random motion.

  True
• Solids have a fixed shape and fixed volume.