13.3 Refraction of Light

• What is refraction of light?

  Bending of light
• The extent of refraction depends on the angle of incidence
• What is Snell's Law used to describe?

  Light bending during refraction
• The angle of refraction is always greater than the angle of incidence when light passes from a medium with a lower refractive index to a higher one.

  False
• Match the variable in Snell's Law with its meaning:

  1️⃣ $n_{1}$ - Refractive index of first medium

  2️⃣ $\theta_{1}$ - Angle of incidence in first medium

  3️⃣ $n_{2}$ - Refractive index of second medium

  4️⃣ $\theta_{2}$ - Angle of refraction in second medium
• $n_{1}$ in Snell's Law represents the refractive index of the first medium.


  True
• What is the angle of refraction when light passes from air ($n_{1} =$$1$) at $30^\circ$ into water ($n_{2} =$$1.33$)?


  22.1^\circ
• The refractive index of air is approximately 1.00.


  True
• Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.

  True
• What is the angle of refraction when light passes from air ($n_{1} =$$1$) to glass ($n_{2} =$$1.5$) with an angle of incidence of $45^\circ$?


  28.1^\circ
• Match the concept with its description:

  Reflection ↔️ Light bounces off a surface

  Refraction ↔️ Light bends as it passes between media
• What does the refractive index measure?

  Light slows in a material
• Refractive indices are crucial in designing lenses and prisms.


  True
• When the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs.
• Snell's Law states that n_{1}\sin\theta_{1} = n_{2}\sin\theta_{2}</latex>, where $\theta_{1}$ is the angle of incidence.
• What is the refraction formula used to solve problems involving refraction?

  \frac{\sin\theta_{1}}{\sin\theta_{2}} = \frac{n_{2}}{n_{1}}</latex>
• The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction.

  False
• In refraction, the refractive index of the medium affects the angle
• What is the angle of refraction when light passes from air at 30 degrees into water with a refractive index of 1.33?

  $22.1^\circ$
• What does Snell's Law relate in the context of light refraction?

  Angles and refractive indices
• Snell's Law is expressed as n_{1}\sin\theta_{1} = n_{2}\sin\theta_{2}
• $\theta_{2}$ in Snell's Law is measured relative to the normal.


  True
• What does the refractive index of a material indicate?

  Light slows down
• What is the critical angle when light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to one with a lower refractive index?

  90^\circ
• What happens to light as the angle of incidence increases when it travels from a higher to a lower refractive index medium?

  Bends away from normal
• Glass has a higher density than air.
• The formula for reflection is \theta_{i} = \theta_{r}
• Match the material with its refractive index:

  Air ↔️ 1.00

  Water ↔️ 1.33

  Glass ↔️ 1.5

  Diamond ↔️ 2.42
• What is the critical angle when light travels from a higher to a lower refractive index medium?

  Angle of refraction is 90°
• What does Snell's Law describe?

  Refraction of light
• If light passes from air to glass at an angle of incidence of $45^\circ$, the angle of refraction is approximately $28.1^\circ$.


  True
• In reflection, light bounces off a surface
• How is refraction defined in comparison to reflection?

  Light bends, rather than bounces
• Match the variable in Snell's Law with its meaning:

  $n_{1}$ ↔️ Refractive index of first medium

  $\theta_{1}$ ↔️ Angle of incidence

  $n_{2}$ ↔️ Refractive index of second medium

  $\theta_{2}$ ↔️ Angle of refraction
• Refraction occurs when light passes from one medium to another with a different index
• What is the angle of refraction when light passes from air at 30 degrees into water with a refractive index of 1.33?

  22.1^\circ</latex>
• $\theta_{1}$ in Snell's Law is the angle of incidence
• Snell's Law describes how light bends when it passes from one medium to another with different refractive indices.
• The refractive index of glass is approximately 1.5
• Total internal reflection is used in fiber optic cables