OUT OF SPECIFICATION CONTENT

• WHAT ARE PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES?

  PURINES

  • adenine and guanine
  • double-ring structure

  PYRIMIDINES

  • cytosine, thymine and uracil
  • single-ring structure
• HERD IMMUNITY THRESHOLDS?

  different percentages of population must be vaccinated for herd immunity, e.g. 95% for measles
• ADJUVANTS IN VACCINES?

  aluminium salt to enhance immune response and reduce amount of antigens needed

  • depot effect, remain at injection site longer, more time to detect
  • promote cytokine release
• HOW TO REVERSE SILENCING OF TUMOUR-SUPPRESSOR GENES?

  demethylating agents or histone deacetylase inhibitors