Translating Code

• What is an application program?

  A program that performs tasks for the user
• How do application programs differ from utility programs?

  Application programs perform tasks for users
• What is a utility program?

  A program with one purpose for system maintenance
• What do compression programs like Winzip do?

  Reduce storage space of files
• Why is defragmentation necessary?

  To rearrange fragmented files for faster access
• What is a fragmented file?

  A file split into smaller parts
• How does a disc defragmenter work?

  Rearranges files to make them contiguous
• What is the purpose of backing up data?

  To keep data secure and prevent loss
• How do utility programs assist with data backup?

  They automate the backup process on a schedule
• What do anti-virus programs do?

  Scan for damaging files or malware
• Why is it essential to keep anti-malware programs updated?

  To recognize new threats and viruses
• What is the role of heuristics in anti-malware programs?

  To guess if unknown programs are dangerous
• What is the function of an interpreter?

  Translates and runs one line at a time
• How does a compiler differ from an interpreter?

  A compiler translates the whole program at once
• What is lexical analysis in compilation?

  First stage where tokens are created
• What happens during syntax analysis?

  Code is checked against language rules
• What is the purpose of code optimization?

  To make code efficient and faster
• What are tokens in programming?

  Fixed length strings of binary digits
• Why are library routines used in programming?

  To perform common tasks efficiently
• What are the advantages of using libraries in software development?

  Saves time and draws on expertise
• What is the role of a linker in compilation?

  Combines object code with library code
• What is the purpose of a loader?

  Incorporates library code into the executable
• What is the difference between open source and closed source software?

  Open source code is freely available
• What are the benefits of open source software?

  Free, customizable, and bug-fixable
• What is a virtual machine?

  A software that simulates a physical computer
• How do virtual machines improve software testing?

  They allow testing on multiple platforms easily
• What is intermediate code?

  Code that can run on various devices
• What is the impact of using virtual machines on game performance?

  Games run slower than compiled to native code
• Why is it necessary to use physical machines for testing?

  To ensure everything works as expected
• What is the significance of accurate virtual machines?

  They ensure the final code works correctly