B7- non-communicable diseases

• How is cancer caused

  • mitosis is usually tightly controlled and genes in the nucleus control division
  • Changes in these genes can lead to uncontrolled growth and mitosis
  • Produces a tumour
• what is a benign tumour

  • growths of abnormal cells contained in one area
  • usually contained in a Membrane
  • Do not invade other parts of the body
• what are malignant tumours

  • malignant cells invade neighbouring tissues and move into bloodstream
  • classed as cancerous
  • Once in bloodstream cells spread to different parts of the body forming secondary tumours
• risk factors for cancer

  • genetic - breast, prostate and large intestine cancer
  • smoking - lung cancer
  • uv exposure - skin cancer
  • alcohol - mouth and throat cancer
• what is radon

  • radioactive gas
  • increases risk of lung cancer
  • Releases ionising radiation which damages celll DNA
  • Leads to uncontrolled cell division
• What are carcinogens

  A substance that increases risk of cancer - cigarette chemicals
• examples of non-communicable diseases

  • coronary heart disease
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • type 2 diabetes
  • most cancers
• Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

  • 1/4 of all deaths in uk
  • Diet high fat low nutrients - increases load cholesterol
  • Diet high salt - increases blood pressure
  • Smoking
  • Decreased by excersise
• risk factors lung disease/cancer

  • smoking
  • Cigarette smoke contains chemicals which trigger cancer (carcinogens)
  • Increases risk of other lung diseases
  • Unpleasant
  • Poor quality of life
• effects of smoking while pregnant

  • increases risk of miscarriage and premature birth
  • birth with low body mass
• effects of drinking whilst pregnant

  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
  • fasd leads to learning difficulties, mental and physical problems
• Risk factors of excessive alcohol

  • increases risk of diseaseS - liver cirrhosis and cancer
  • Can effect brain - addiction and memory loss
• type 2 diabetes risk factors

  • struggle to control blood glucose levels
  • Can lead to blindness and amputation
  • Obesity
  • Excessive alcohol consumption