Emergence and evolution of modern sport

• What does "cultural" refer to in the context of the study material?

  Beliefs and customs that influence behavior
• What are some key socio-cultural factors mentioned that influence sports participation?

  Education, time, money, and transport
• According to the text, what other influence should also be understood?

  Public school-based characteristics of sport
• What factors should you understand the affect on participation in sport?

  Amateurism, professionalism, and changing working conditions
• What time period does pre-industrial Britain refer to for the purpose of this specification?

  Before mid-eighteenth century
• What do socio-cultural factors consist of?

  Influences relevant in our community
• Approximately when did the Industrial Revolution take place?

  1750-1850
• What limited peasant involvement in activities during medieval times?

  Little time or energy due to working
• What type of activity brought villages together on holy days?

  Mob football
• What is mob football described as?

  A mass game with few rules
• Where was mob football typically played?

  In or between villages
• What made mob football so dangerous?

  It was violent
• When was mob football typically played?

  At the time of celebration
• What did villagers do to protect themselves from mob football?

  Barricade their homes
• What activities were vaguely prohibited in mob football?

  Murder or manslaughter
• What defines social class?

  Status within a community
• What years are considered Pre-Industrial Britain?

  Between 1750 and 1850
• What is pedestrianism?

  19th-century competitive walking
• What activity had medieval links?

  Cock fighting
• Why did cock fighting last so long?

  It was generally an upper class sport
• What was a major element of cock fighting?

  Gambling
• What other activity was played by both classes?

  Cricket
• What were pastimes often associated with?

  Public houses
• What did the different roles in cricket reflect?

  The status of the participants
• What were the terms for the classes in cricket?

  Gentlemen and players
• How were women's activities shaped?

  By the expected behaviour of women
• How were women viewed in pre-industrial Britain?

  As the 'weaker' sex
• What rights did peasant women have?

  Few rights
• What activity might upper-class women be involved in?

  Archery
• How did pre-industrial Britain's law and order shape activities?

  Violent activities were more common
• What did the peasant classes being involved in violent activities reflect?

  Lack of order and cruelty to animals
• What did mob football having few rules reflect?

  Lack of law and order
• What act created a modern police force?

  The 1829 Metropolitan Police Act
• What contrasted the upper classes from the peasant classes?

  Education and literacy
• How did literacy affect activities?

  Understand rules of more sophisticated activities
• What is an amateur?

  A person who doesn't receive monetary reward
• What is a professional?

  A person who earns income by participating
• Why was there little appetite for physical activities among the lower-class peasants?

  Exhaustion from work
• Where were many activities often confined to?

  Festivals, holy day fairs, or public houses
• What limited the activities of the peasants?

  Shortage of transport and opportunities