AP 8: Second Quarter

• Kabihasnang Greek Heograpiya Tatlong Dagat na Nakapalibot dito: Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea.
• Go sa pangalan ng pamilyang namuno sa isang pangkat ng tao na naninirahan sa Andes Francisco Pizzara (Conquistador) - Namuno sa mga Espanyol sa panankop sa imperyong Inca - Pinalala kaya nagkaroon ng epidemya.
• Daungan ng mga mangangalakal, matatagpuan sa Timog-silangan ng Europa sa Balikan Peninsula, may 1,400 na pulo, 75% ng kalupaan ay bundok.
• Epekto ng Heograpiya: watak-watak ang mga lungsod-estado (city state), mabagal ang pagpasok ng teknolohiya, ilan lamang ang nagtatanim kaya kulang sa pagkain (25% lamang ang pwedeng taniman), natuto na lang mangisda, maraming magandang daungan.
• Sibilisasyong Heleniko: ang muling pagsibol ng sibilisasyong griyego.
• Hellas tumutukoy sa kabuuang lupain ng Greece, pagsasaka ang pangunahing ikinabubuhay, marami silang natutunan katulad: Phoenician: Geometry.
• Hellene tawag sa mga mamamayan Panahong Hellenic, panahon ng pagsikat ng Greece hanggang 338 BCE.
• Polis tawag sa pamahalaan ng Greece (city state), malayang pamahalaan/pamahalaan, walang pakialamanan.
• Acropolis itinayo ng mga Greek ang kanilang templo (partylons).
• Agora isang bukas na lugar sa gitna ng lungsod kung saan maaaring magtinda o magtipon-tipon ang mga tao.
• Athens uri ng pamahalaan: Demokratikong Polis, mamamayan ang may kontrol, karaniwang lalaki lamang.
• Bago pa naging demokrasya ito: Monarkiya, Oligarkiya (dugong bughaw lamang).
• Mesoamerica was the first civilization in the Americas, with the Olmec being the first people to arrive and the Maya being the first to develop a written language.
• Inca civilization was an empire ruled by the Inca, with Cuzco as its capital.
• The Treaty of Verdun divided Charlemagne's empire into three parts: Charles the Bald ruled France, Louis the German ruled Germany, and Lothair received a smaller part of Europe.
• Hernando Cortes was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztec, ending their civilization.
• Homage was a ceremony where a vassal pledged allegiance to his lord.
• Merchant Guild and Crafts Guild were two types of guilds in the Guilde System.
• Charlemagne's monarchy was a parang cooperativa, with Burgis (Middle class people) having economic influence.
• Mercantilism was the central theory of Charlemagne's feudal system, aiming to maximize the success of a nation.
• Charlemagne's system of feudalism involved a lord and a vassal, with the lord owning the land and the vassal serving as the land's tenant.
• Charlemagne (Charles the great) was the emperor of Rome.
• The Guilde System was a form of self-government in Charlemagne's feudal system, with merchants and craftsmen organizing themselves into guilds.
• Aztec civilization originated in Aztlan, a place in Mexico, and was characterized by the worship of Huitzilopochtli, Tlacloc, and Quetzalcoatl.
• Knighthood was a status symbol in Charlemagne's feudal system, symbolizing loyalty and honor.
• Kulkulcan was the patron god of the Maya, with temples dedicated to him.
• The fall of the Maya civilization was due to internal factors such as drought and disease, and external factors like the arrival of the Spanish.
• Halach Unic was the leader of the Maya, serving as the head of government and maintaining control until his death.
• Kabihasnang Minoan: Mines, Anak ni Zeus at Europa, Asawa ni Pasiphae, mga anak ay sina Androgeus, Anadne, Phaedra.
• Hellenistic is the period of the Greek civilization from 800 BCE to 400 BCE.
• Homer is the author of the Iliad.
• The last Old Testament and the first New Testament were copied in Athens during the Silent years.
• Hellenes refers to the first Greeks.
• Hellen is the founder of the Hellenes Greeks.
• Agamemnon is the king of Mycenaea.
• Linear B is the script used in the Ionian Civilization.
• Exile is a punishment in Athens during the time of the Hellenistic period.
• Sparta is a mandirigmang Polis where the value is placed on having strong and capable soldiers.
• Iliad is an epic about the battle between Achilles, a Greek hero, and Hector, a Trojan prince.
• Heinrich Schliemann is the one who uncovered the labyrinth of Mycenaea.