PERIODIC TRENDS FINAL

• - the energy needed to add an electron to a neutral atom is called the electron gain enthalpy ( eaH).
• ELECTONEGATIVITY


  - the tendency of an atom that is already bonded. with another atom or molecule to draw electrons towards itself
• POLARIZABILITY


  - influences the way an atom would form molecules and compounds, as well as the ease or difficulty that these molecules and compounds would dissolve.
• POLARIZABILITY


  - "the ease with which an atom's electron cloud can be distorted by an external electrical field
• POLARIZABILITY


  - originally, the electron cloud of an atom is spherical in shape, indicating that the electrons are distributed equally in all directions.
• ELECTRON AFFINITY


  - is the amount of change in energy that is associated with the addition of electrons
• NEGATIVE


  - elements with positive electron gain enthalpy have a ________ electron affinity. Magnitude remains the same.
• POSITIVE


  elements with a negative election gain enthalpy have a _______ electron affinity
• POSITIVE ELECTRON


  - some elements, have a this to gain enthalpy, which would require more energy to drive the reaction that will increase their electrons. They also tend not to accept additional electrons.
• NEGATIVE ELECTRON


  - an element that gains enthalpy accepts electrons spontaneously and releases energy in the process.
• ELECTRON GAIN ENTHALPY


  - the energy needed to add an electron to a neutral atom is called the _________
• ELECTRON GAIN ENTHALPY


  - if atoms can lose electrons, they can gain electrons as well.
• INVERSE


  - the ionization energy of the elements would follow a trend that is _________ to the trend of the atomic radius.
• IONIZATION ENERGY


  - as an atom absorbs more energy, its outermost electrons become more excited. The outermost electrons gain speed until their speed is high enough to free themselves from the attractive forces of the atom is nucleus.
• IONIZATION ENERGY


  on the other hand, the energy needed for ionization to occur is called _________
• IONIZATION


  on atom or ion may lose its electrons in a process called ______
• IONIC RADIUS


  - when an ion has a net positive charge, it pulls electrons inwards making cations smaller. and anions larger
• SHIELDING EFFECT


  an atom's inner electrons shield the outer electrons from the attractive forces of the positively changed nucleus
• METALLIC RADIUS


  - half the distance between two adjacent metal atoms in a crystal
• COVALENT RADIUS


  for polyatomic ions, is half the distance between two bonded atoms
• VAN DER WAALS RADIUS


  - the radius of the atom is half the distance between two adjacent, nonbonded atoms.
• INCREASE AND DECREASE


  atomic radius from top to bottom ______ and left to right ________
• ATOMIC RADIUS


  the distance between the centers or nuclei of neigh boring atoms
• PERIODIC TRENDS


  - follow a periodic variation that is closely linked to the periodicity itself of the election configuration.