5.3 Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders

• What are psychological disorders characterized by?

  Distress and impaired functioning
• Match the characteristic with the type of behavior:

  Distress ↔️ Disordered behavior

  Unconventional but normal ↔️ Normal behavior
• Match the disorder category with its description:

  Neurodevelopmental Disorders ↔️ Typically manifest early in development

  Schizophrenia Spectrum ↔️ Distortions in perception and thinking
• What are the two mood states involved in Bipolar and Related Disorders?

  Mania and depression
• Dissociative Disorders involve disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception
• Match the disorder with its example:

  Feeding and Eating Disorders ↔️ Anorexia nervosa

  Elimination Disorders ↔️ Enuresis

  Sleep-Wake Disorders ↔️ Insomnia
• Gender Dysphoria involves distress or discomfort with one's assigned sex
• What is a common example of a Neurocognitive Disorder?

  Alzheimer's disease
• What is one characteristic that distinguishes psychological disorders from normal behavior?

  Distress
• Psychological disorders are maladaptive and disruptive, unlike normal variations in behavior.


  True
• Compared to the ICD, the DSM-5 has highly specific diagnostic criteria.
• Neurodevelopmental disorders typically manifest early in development.
• Feeding and eating disorders are characterized by disturbances in eating behaviors and attitudes.
• Trauma- and stressor-related disorders are associated with traumatic or stressful events.


  True
• Feeding and eating disorders include conditions like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.


  True
• Sexual dysfunctions involve disturbances in sexual function
• What is a common example of a substance-related disorder?

  Alcohol use disorder
• Major categories of neurodevelopmental disorders

  1️⃣ ADHD

  2️⃣ Autism spectrum disorder

  3️⃣ Intellectual disabilities
• Depressive disorders are primarily characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness
• Diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders are outlined in standardized classification systems like the DSM-5
• Psychological disorders can arise from a combination of biological, psychological, and social/environmental factors
• Match the psychological factor with its example:

  Learned Behaviors ↔️ Maladaptive coping strategies

  Traumatic Experiences ↔️ Exposure to PTSD-triggering events
• How can socioeconomic status influence mental health?

  Poverty increases risk
• What are the three main categories of factors that contribute to psychological disorders?

  Biological, psychological, social/environmental
• Match the psychological factor with its example:

  Learned Behaviors ↔️ Maladaptive coping strategies

  Traumatic Experiences ↔️ Exposure to stressful events

  Personality Traits ↔️ Neuroticism
• Order the common underlying risk factors for comorbidity among psychological disorders:

  1️⃣ Shared biological risk factors

  2️⃣ Shared psychological risk factors

  3️⃣ Shared social/environmental risk factors
• Distress in psychological disorders refers to significant emotional pain or suffering
• Disordered behavior causes significant emotional pain or suffering
• Which disorder category includes conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disabilities?

  Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Anxiety Disorders involve excessive fear, anxiety, and related behavioral disturbances
• Encopresis involves the inappropriate elimination of feces.

  True
• Which disorder category includes conditions like kleptomania and intermittent explosive disorder?

  Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders
• Personality Disorders involve persistent patterns of inner experience and behavior
• Dysfunction in psychological disorders interferes with a person's ability to function
• Arrange the differences between normal and disordered behavior based on the characteristics: distress, dysfunction, and deviance.

  1️⃣ May experience occasional distress, but not debilitating

  2️⃣ Manages daily activities despite challenges

  3️⃣ May be unconventional but stays within societal norms

  4️⃣ Causes significant emotional pain or suffering

  5️⃣ Interferes with daily functioning

  6️⃣ Sharp departures from societal expectations
• The DSM-5 is free from cultural biases.

  False
• Bipolar disorders involve disturbances in mood, including mania and depression.


  True
• What is a characteristic feature of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?

  Intrusive thoughts
• What is a common example of a sleep-wake disorder?

  Insomnia
• What is a key feature of dissociative disorders?

  Disruptions in identity