7.1.2 Conducting Experiments

• The first step of the scientific method is forming a hypothesis

  False
• A testable hypothesis must predict how changing an independent variable affects a dependent variable.


  True
• A hypothesis such as "Plants grow better if they are happy" is testable.

  False
• The independent variable is the factor being manipulated
• Controlling variables means keeping all non-independent variables constant.

  True
• Ensuring you have all materials before starting an experiment maintains consistency and reproducibility.


  True
• Order the steps of the scientific method as described in the study material.

  1️⃣ Observation

  2️⃣ Question

  3️⃣ Hypothesis

  4️⃣ Experiment

  5️⃣ Analysis

  6️⃣ Conclusion
• Steps to develop a testable hypothesis.

  1️⃣ Identify variables

  2️⃣ Formulate a prediction

  3️⃣ Ensure measurability

  4️⃣ Testability
• Steps to implement an experimental procedure.

  1️⃣ Set up the experiment

  2️⃣ Follow the protocol

  3️⃣ Observe and record

  4️⃣ Repeat trials
• Repeating trials in an experiment is necessary to ensure reliable results.

  True
• Steps for recording data and observations in an experiment

  1️⃣ Record quantitative data

  2️⃣ Record qualitative observations

  3️⃣ Record experimental conditions

  4️⃣ Record time and date
• Diligent data recording is essential for drawing reliable, evidence-based conclusions.


  True
• Statistical analysis helps distinguish meaningful effects from random variation.


  True
• Steps for formulating conclusions in the scientific method

  1️⃣ Evaluate the results

  2️⃣ Consider the strength of evidence

  3️⃣ Identify limitations
• If experimental results reject the hypothesis, it may need to be revised.


  True
• Clear and transparent communication is essential for scientific progress.


  True
• Designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis involves controlling relevant variables
• A testable hypothesis explains how an independent variable affects a dependent variable
• Match the component of a testable hypothesis with its description:

  Independent Variable ↔️ The factor being manipulated

  Dependent Variable ↔️ The factor being measured

  Prediction ↔️ The expected relationship
• "Plants grow better if they are happy" is an example of a testable hypothesis.

  False
• Steps in designing an effective experiment in order

  1️⃣ Plan the experiment

  2️⃣ Control variables

  3️⃣ Outline the procedure

  4️⃣ Determine sample size

  5️⃣ Replicate the experiment

  6️⃣ Record data
• Following the experimental protocol ensures consistency in the results.


  True
• Steps to implement the experimental procedure

  1️⃣ Set up the experiment

  2️⃣ Follow the protocol

  3️⃣ Observe and record

  4️⃣ Repeat trials
• What is being measured in the example experiment testing water temperature on photosynthesis?

  Oxygen production
• What type of data includes measurements such as temperature, pH, and volume?

  Quantitative data
• What statistical methods are used to determine if observed differences are statistically significant?

  Averages, standard deviations, significance tests
• The final step of the scientific method is to formulate conclusions
• Effective communication of findings involves organizing data, interpreting results, acknowledging limitations, and using clear language
• The scientific method is a systematic approach used by scientists to investigate phenomena and gain new knowledge
• Order the steps of the scientific method.

  1️⃣ Observation

  2️⃣ Question

  3️⃣ Hypothesis

  4️⃣ Experiment

  5️⃣ Analysis

  6️⃣ Conclusion
• The first step in developing a testable hypothesis is to identify the variables
• Designing an experiment involves controlling relevant variables to test the hypothesis.


  True
• Experiment design is crucial for testing hypotheses in a controlled environment
• Measuring devices such as rulers and thermometers are used to quantify
• Repeating trials in an experiment helps ensure the results are reliable.


  True
• An untestable hypothesis example is: "Plants grow better if they are happy."
• Determining an appropriate number of samples ensures reliable data collection in the sample
• Adhering exactly to each step of the protocol without skipping or modifying ensures its accuracy
• Maintaining thorough records allows you to identify trends, ensure reproducibility, and validate conclusions
• When analyzing experimental data, look for patterns in how the independent variable affected the dependent variable