9.2 Hydrocarbons

• What are hydrocarbons composed of?

  Carbon and hydrogen
• Match the type of hydrocarbon with its molecular formula:

  Alkanes ↔️ $C_{n}H_{2n + 2}$

  Alkenes ↔️ $C_{n}H_{2n}$

  Alkynes ↔️ $C_{n}H_{2n - 2}$
• Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more double bonds.
• Alkanes are saturated because they contain only single bonds.
• Alkynes are characterized by the presence of a triple bond
• Structural formulas are useful for identifying isomers
• Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.


  True
• The key differences between hydrocarbon types lie in their saturation levels and the type of bonds
• What is an example of an alkene?

  Ethene
• Alkynes have the general molecular formula $C_{n}H_{2n - 2}$
• The molecular formulas of hydrocarbons reflect the differences in saturation and bonds between the types.
• Isomerism in hydrocarbons refers to the existence of different molecular structures with the same molecular formula
• Butane has two chain isomers: n-butane and isobutane
• The boiling point of alkenes is lower than the boiling point of corresponding alkanes.


  True
• Alkenes and alkynes have lower boiling and melting points than alkanes due to weaker intermolecular forces from their double or triple bonds
• Alkanes undergo substitution reactions where a hydrogen atom is replaced by another atom
• Order the types of addition reactions in alkenes and alkynes from simplest to most complex.

  1️⃣ Hydrogenation

  2️⃣ Halogenation

  3️⃣ Hydrohalogenation
• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds.


  True
• What type of bonds are present in alkanes?

  Single bonds
• What is the general formula for alkynes?

  $C_{n}H_{2n - 2}$
• Arrange the following hydrocarbons in order of decreasing saturation:

  1️⃣ Alkanes

  2️⃣ Alkenes

  3️⃣ Alkynes
• What is the primary use of hydrocarbons?

  Fuels
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  $C_{n}H_{2n + 2}$
• What type of isomerism involves differences in the carbon chain length and branching?

  Chain Isomerism
• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds
• Classify hydrocarbons based on their bond type, from simplest to most complex:

  1️⃣ Alkanes (Single bonds)

  2️⃣ Alkenes (Double bonds)

  3️⃣ Alkynes (Triple bonds)
• Alkanes have the general molecular formula $C_{n}H_{2n + 2}$
• Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds.


  True
• Order the following types of hydrocarbon formulas based on their complexity:

  1️⃣ Molecular Formula

  2️⃣ Structural Formula

  3️⃣ Displayed Formula
• Butene has two position isomers: 1-butene and 2-butene
• What influences the boiling point and melting point of hydrocarbons?

  Molecular mass and intermolecular forces
• What are the products of complete combustion of alkanes with oxygen?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What conditions are required for substitution reactions in alkanes?

  UV light or heat
• What are alkanes primarily used for?

  Fuels and solvents
• The general formula for alkanes is $C_{n}H_{2n + 2}$
• What is the general formula for alkenes?

  $C_{n}H_{2n}$
• Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with triple bonds.


  True
• Alkenes contain one or more double bonds.
• What type of hydrocarbons are saturated with single bonds?

  Alkanes
• Match the formula type with its representation:

  Structural Formula ↔️ Arrangement of atoms and bonds

  Molecular Formula ↔️ Number of each atom

  Displayed Formula ↔️ All atoms and bonds explicitly