4.7 Emotion

• The cognitive component of emotion involves mental processes and interpretations that shape our emotional experience
• One key component of emotion is physiological arousal, which refers to the bodily changes that occur during an emotional experience
• Emotions encompass both physical and psychological aspects.


  True
• The physiological component of emotion includes bodily changes like increased heart rate and sweating.

  True
• Order the three main theories of emotion from oldest to newest.

  1️⃣ James-Lange

  2️⃣ Cannon-Bard

  3️⃣ Schachter-Singer
• What two factors does the Schachter-Singer theory emphasize for emotions?

  Arousal and interpretation
• Match the emotion with its common physiological response:

  Fear ↔️ Increased heart rate, sweating

  Anger ↔️ Increased blood pressure, rapid breathing

  Happiness ↔️ Increased heart rate, flushed cheeks

  Sadness ↔️ Slowed heart rate, shallow breathing
• What does crossed arms typically indicate in body language?

  Defensiveness
• Emotional suppression occurs when individuals inhibit the outward expression of their feelings to conform to cultural norms.


  True
• Cognitive reappraisal involves reinterpreting an emotional situation to reduce its negative impact
• What is cognitive reappraisal in emotion regulation?

  Reinterpreting emotional situations
• Match the emotion regulation strategy with its description:

  Cognitive Reappraisal ↔️ Reinterpreting emotional situations

  Expressive Suppression ↔️ Inhibiting outward expression

  Mindfulness ↔️ Present-focused awareness
• Expressive behaviors include facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice.

  True
• The cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components of emotion are independent of each other.

  False
• What is the physiological response to fear?

  Increased heart rate, sweating
• Facial expressions for basic emotions are universal across cultures
• What are emotion regulation strategies designed to help people manage?

  Emotional experiences
• What type of awareness is emphasized in mindfulness as an emotion regulation strategy?

  Present-focused
• Match the emotion with its impact on decision-making and social behavior:

  Happiness ↔️ Increased optimism, more sociable

  Fear ↔️ Increased caution, avoidance

  Anger ↔️ Impulsive decisions, confrontational
• What are the three key components of emotion?

  Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experience
• Order the main ideas of the three theories explaining how emotions are experienced:

  1️⃣ James-Lange: Emotions arise from physical reactions to events.

  2️⃣ Cannon-Bard: Physical arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.

  3️⃣ Schachter-Singer: Emotions result from physical arousal and cognitive interpretation.
• Physiological arousal is the only component of emotion.

  False
• The Schachter-Singer theory states that emotions result from both physical arousal and cognitive interpretation.


  True
• Match the component of emotion with its description:

  Cognitive ↔️ Mental processes and interpretations

  Physiological ↔️ Bodily changes during emotion

  Behavioral ↔️ Outward expression of emotion
• According to the Schachter-Singer theory, labeling arousal based on the situation is a key step in experiencing emotion.


  True
• Which theory suggests that seeing a snake makes your heart race, causing you to feel afraid?

  James-Lange
• Order the emotions based on their associated physiological responses:

  1️⃣ Fear: Increased heart rate

  2️⃣ Anger: Increased blood pressure

  3️⃣ Happiness: Flushed cheeks

  4️⃣ Sadness: Slowed heart rate
• The cognitive component of emotion involves mental processes and interpretations.

  True
• The cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components of emotion work independently of each other.

  False
• The specific pattern of physiological responses can help distinguish between different emotional states.


  True
• What are the three key components of emotions?

  Cognitive, physiological, behavioral
• The behavioral component of emotion is expressed through facial expressions, body language, and actions
• The James-Lange theory states that emotions arise from physical reactions to events
• Match the emotion theory with its key idea:

  James-Lange ↔️ Physical reactions precede emotions

  Cannon-Bard ↔️ Physical arousal and emotion occur together

  Schachter-Singer ↔️ Arousal and interpretation create emotion
• Universal basic emotions recognized across cultures include happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust.

  True
• Context plays a crucial role in the accurate perception of emotional expressions
• Cultural display rules vary significantly across different societies
• What is a potential negative consequence of expressive suppression?

  Negative long-term effects
• Expressive suppression involves inhibiting the outward expression of an emotion
• What are the three main components of emotion?

  Physiological, behavioral, conscious