3.1.3 Collecting and Analyzing Data

• What is data collection in language research?

  Gathering information for research
• What are the two main types of data sources in language research?

  Primary and secondary
• Primary data sources offer high control over data quality and the collection process.


  True
• Experiments in quantitative data collection establish cause-effect relationships
• Match the qualitative data collection method with its description:

  Interviews ↔️ Structured conversations with participants

  Focus Groups ↔️ Facilitated group discussions

  Observations ↔️ Systematic recording of behaviors

  Case Studies ↔️ In-depth examination of a single case
• Focus groups can reveal group dynamics and shared perspectives on a specific topic.


  True
• Qualitative methods explore nuances, meanings, and contextual factors underlying language use.


  True
• Primary data sources provide original and uninterpreted data
• Surveys in quantitative data collection use structured questions
• Experiments in quantitative data collection may raise ethical concerns due to artificial settings.

  True
• Qualitative data collection involves gathering in-depth, descriptive information
• Observations in qualitative research can capture natural language use in context


  True
• Qualitative methods complement quantitative data by providing a deeper, more contextual
• Databases such as SQL are highly scalable but require technical expertise
• In thematic analysis, researchers identify recurring themes
• Researchers must assess potential harm to minimize psychological or physical distress
• Data collection in language research allows for both quantitative and qualitative analysis.


  True
• Match the data source type with its key characteristics:

  Primary Data Sources ↔️ Original and uninterpreted data

  Secondary Data Sources ↔️ Pre-existing and pre-analyzed data
• Arrange the following methods for collecting quantitative data in order of their complexity:

  1️⃣ Surveys

  2️⃣ Experiments

  3️⃣ Content analysis
• What type of data does content analysis focus on in quantitative research?

  Textual or visual data
• Interviews provide rich, detailed data and allow for follow-up questions
• What is the main limitation of case studies in qualitative research?

  Limited generalizability
• Data collection in language research provides the evidence
• Primary data sources are less time-consuming and resource-intensive to collect compared to secondary data sources.

  False
• Content analysis in quantitative data collection requires predefined coding schemes
• Match the qualitative data collection method with its description:

  Interviews ↔️ Conversations with participants

  Focus Groups ↔️ Group discussions on a topic

  Observations ↔️ Systematic recording of behaviors
• Interviews in qualitative data collection are time-consuming and may suffer from interviewer bias
• Match the method with its primary purpose in qualitative research:

  Case Studies ↔️ Understanding complex situations

  Interviews ↔️ Gathering detailed data

  Focus Groups ↔️ Revealing group dynamics
• Effective data organization is critical for maintaining data integrity in research

  True
• What is an advantage of using cloud storage for research data?

  Accessible from anywhere
• Informed consent ensures participants understand the research's purpose and risks before agreeing to participate

  True
• Informed consent is required to protect participants' rights in research


  True
• Effective data collection is a fundamental step in conducting rigorous and reliable language research
• Secondary data sources include academic journals, books, reports, and datasets
• What is the primary advantage of using surveys in quantitative data collection?

  Reaching large populations
• Experiments may raise ethical concerns due to artificial settings and variable manipulation.


  True
• What is one disadvantage of using observations in qualitative data collection?

  Potential for observer effect
• Qualitative methods complement quantitative data by providing a deeper, more contextual understanding
• Data collection in language research allows for replication of studies by other researchers.

  True
• Match the data source type with its example:

  Primary data ↔️ Interviews

  Secondary data ↔️ Academic journals