4.6 Motivation

• Intrinsic motivation leads to greater persistence and creativity compared to extrinsic motivation.


  True
• The Yerkes-Dodson law describes an inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance.
• Motivation arises from the need to reduce drives and maintain homeostasis
• The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests that there is an ideal level of arousal for optimal performance
• Which type of motivation is associated with greater persistence, creativity, and well-being?

  Intrinsic motivation
• What term describes the state of arousal created by an unmet need?

  Drive
• What law describes the inverted U-shaped relationship between arousal and performance?

  Yerkes-Dodson law
• How many levels are there in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Five
• What theory suggests that behavior is motivated by rewards or punishments?

  Incentive theory
• What is an example of an internal need influencing motivation?

  Hunger
• What is a need in psychological terms?

  A requirement for well-being
• What is homeostasis?

  Stable internal environment
• What is the effect of low arousal on performance according to the Yerkes-Dodson law?

  Poor performance
• Match the level of Maslow's hierarchy with its corresponding need:

  Physiological ↔️ Basic survival needs

  Love/Belonging ↔️ Relationships and connections

  Self-Actualization ↔️ Achieving full potential
• What motivates behavior according to incentive theory?

  Rewards and punishments
• High self-efficacy encourages persistence and effort
• Match the cultural dimension with its description:

  Collectivism ↔️ Group goals and harmony

  Individualism ↔️ Personal achievement and independence
• Individualistic cultures are primarily motivated by group needs and loyalty.

  False
• Match the cultural dimension with its characteristic:

  Collectivism ↔️ Group goals and harmony

  Individualism ↔️ Personal achievement and independence
• Drive-reduction theory explains that motivation arises from a need to maintain homeostasis
• Steps in the drive-reduction process

  1️⃣ Need arises

  2️⃣ Drive is created

  3️⃣ Seek resources

  4️⃣ Need is satisfied
• Optimal arousal levels maximize performance according to the Yerkes-Dodson law.


  True
• Extrinsic motivation is always more effective than intrinsic motivation for long-term goals.

  False
• Extrinsic motivation, if applied carefully, can enhance intrinsic motivation.


  True
• Match the concept with its explanation:

  Need ↔️ A physiological or psychological requirement

  Drive ↔️ The state of arousal when a need is not met

  Homeostasis ↔️ The maintenance of a stable internal environment

  Feedback mechanisms ↔️ Processes that adjust physiological functions
• Order the effects of arousal levels on performance according to the Yerkes-Dodson law:

  1️⃣ Low arousal: Poor performance

  2️⃣ Optimal arousal: Maximized performance

  3️⃣ High arousal: Declining performance
• The first level of Maslow's hierarchy includes physiological needs
• Expectancy-value theory emphasizes both the value of the goal and the expectation of success.

  True
• Intrinsic motivation arises from external factors such as rewards or punishments.

  False
• Drive-reduction theory explains that motivation arises from the need to maintain homeostasis
• Thirst is an example of a need that creates a drive
• Optimal arousal maximizes performance
• Lower-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy must be satisfied before higher-level needs.


  True
• Expectancy-value theory suggests motivation arises from personal values and the expectation of success.

  True
• Order the four types of motivational conflicts from least stressful to most stressful:

  1️⃣ Approach-Approach

  2️⃣ Avoidance-Avoidance

  3️⃣ Approach-Avoidance

  4️⃣ Double Approach-Avoidance
• What influences motivation by shaping values, beliefs, and social norms?

  Cultural factors
• What type of work ethic is emphasized in collectivist cultures?

  Teamwork and cooperation
• In the United States, personal achievements are celebrated due to its individualistic culture.

  True
• What is an example of extrinsic motivation?

  Exercising to lose weight
• Internal needs, such as hunger, are examples of factors influencing motivation.