P6.2 Uses and Hazards

• What are the three main types of radioactive radiation?

  Alpha, beta, and gamma
• What is the charge and mass of gamma rays?

  No charge, no mass
• Alpha particles have the highest ionizing power.
• Order the radiation types by their penetrating power from lowest to highest:

  1️⃣ Alpha particles

  2️⃣ Beta particles

  3️⃣ Gamma rays
• What is the charge of alpha particles?

  +2
• Ionizing power decreases in the order: alpha, beta, gamma.


  True
• Ionizing radiation can damage DNA and cells in living organisms.

  True
• Gamma rays have low ionizing power but high penetration
• Gamma rays can be stopped by thick lead or concrete.


  True
• Alpha particles are positively charged and consist of two protons and two neutrons.


  True
• Match the radiation type with its property:

  Alpha particles ↔️ High ionizing power

  Beta particles ↔️ Medium penetrating power

  Gamma rays ↔️ Neutral charge
• Beta particles are composed of two protons and two neutrons.

  False
• Beta particles have a charge of -1
• Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiation
• Match the use of radioactivity with its application:

  Cancer treatment ↔️ Gamma rays

  Measuring material thickness ↔️ Beta particles

  Nuclear power generation ↔️ Nuclear fission
• Alpha particles have high ionizing power but low penetration
• Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons
• Alpha particles have high mass
• Alpha particles are effective at ionizing matter due to their high charge and mass.


  True
• Nuclear fission reactions in nuclear power plants use gamma rays to generate high energy
• Beta particles are used in gauges to measure material thickness
• Radioactivity is used in medicine, industry, and energy production due to the unique properties of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation
• Carbon-14 decay is used in radiocarbon dating
• Higher radiation doses increase the severity of cellular damage.


  True
• Increasing the distance from a radiation source reduces radiation intensity.


  True
• Nuclear accidents cause extensive contamination of soil, water, and air.


  True
• Genetic mutations caused by radiation can be passed on to future generations.


  True
• Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of radiation from the nuclei of unstable atoms
• Beta particles are high-energy electrons
• Which type of radiation has the highest penetrating power?

  Gamma rays
• What material is commonly used to stop gamma rays?

  Thick lead
• Gamma rays have no charge or mass.


  True
• What is the composition of alpha particles?

  Two protons and two neutrons
• What type of radiation is used in radiocarbon dating?

  Carbon-14 decay
• Exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation can cause radiation sickness with symptoms like nausea and fatigue.


  True
• Match the type of radiation with its charge:

  Alpha particles ↔️ Positive

  Beta particles ↔️ Negative

  Gamma rays ↔️ Neutral
• Gamma rays have the lowest ionizing power among alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.

  True
• Gamma rays are used in medicine for cancer treatment
• Radioactive thermoelectric generators (RTGs) use alpha and beta particles to produce steady heat.


  True
• Nuclear fission reactions in nuclear power generation produce high energy.

  True