15.2 Pressure in Fluids

• The formula for pressure in fluids is P = F/A
• Differences between pressure in solids and fluids

  1️⃣ Pressure in solids acts perpendicular to the surface

  2️⃣ Pressure in fluids acts in all directions

  3️⃣ Both depend on force and area
• What two factors affect pressure in fluids?

  Depth and density
• What does each variable represent in the formula P = h ρ g?

  Pressure, depth, density, gravity
• Deeper and denser fluids exert higher pressure.


  True
• What does the term "pressure with depth" refer to in fluids?

  Increase in pressure due to weight
• The pressure at a depth $h$ in a liquid with density $\rho$ is given by: $P =$$\rho g h$, where $g$ is the gravitational field strength.
• Atmospheric pressure is measured using a barometer.
• What is the relationship between pressure and area when force is constant?

  Inversely proportional
• The gravitational field strength is approximately 9.8 m/s².
• What is the formula for pressure with depth?

  $P =$$\rho g h$
• What does $h$ represent in the pressure with depth formula?


  Depth
• What are the units of pressure in the SI system?

  Pascals (Pa)
• Match the liquid with its density and depth to calculate pressure:

  Water ↔️ $1000 \, \text{kg / m}^{3}$ and $10 \, \text{m}$

  Oil ↔️ $900 \, \text{kg / m}^{3}$ and $10 \, \text{m}$
• Atmospheric pressure increases with increasing altitude.

  False
• Why is understanding pressure variations with depth important for diving?

  Safety
• What type of fluid is used in pneumatic systems?

  Gas
• What is the definition of pressure in fluids?

  Force per unit area
• What formula relates pressure to depth in fluids?

  $P =$$\rho g h$
• Match the quantity with its symbol and unit:

  Pressure ↔️ Pascals (Pa)

  Force ↔️ Newtons (N)

  Area ↔️ Square meters (m²)
• 1 Pascal is equal to 1 N/m².


  True
• Match the pressure unit with its conversion to Pascal:

  Pascal ↔️ 1 Pa

  Kilopascal ↔️ 1000 Pa
• The gravitational field strength is approximately 9.8 m/s².
• The pressure due to depth is calculated using the formula: $P =$$h \rho g$, where $P$ is the pressure.
• What causes pressure differences in liquids?

  Variations in depth and density
• Pressure differences in liquids can be used in hydraulic systems.

  True
• What happens to atmospheric pressure as altitude increases?

  Decreases
• The formula for pressure in fluids is $P =$$\frac{F}{A}$, where $F$ is the force.
• How many Pascals are in a kilopascal (kPa)?

  1000 Pa
• What is the unit of gravitational field strength in the formula $P =$$\rho g h$?


  m/s²
• The gravitational field strength is approximately 9.8 m/s².


  True
• Arrange the steps in calculating pressure with depth

  1️⃣ Determine the density of the fluid

  2️⃣ Identify the gravitational field strength

  3️⃣ Measure the depth below the surface

  4️⃣ Apply the formula $P =$$\rho g h$
• The formula for pressure at a depth $h$ in a liquid with density $\rho$ is $P =$$\rho g h$


  True
• A liquid barometer measures atmospheric pressure by balancing the weight of air against a column of liquid
• Hydraulic systems use pressurized liquids to amplify force
• High atmospheric pressure usually indicates stable weather.


  True
• The unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa).


  True
• Particles in a fluid can move freely and transmit pressure equally in all directions
• What is the relationship between pressure, force, and area according to the formula P = F/A?

  Pressure is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to area
• The formula for pressure due to depth is P = h \rho g