2.2.3 Attitudes to Language Change

• Phonological change can involve changes in stress patterns
• The term "selfie" entered the English language due to technological advancements and social media usage
• A positive attitude to language change views it as a sign of a vibrant and dynamic language
• External factors such as technological advancements and globalization drive language change.


  True
• What are some external factors that influence language change?

  Social, technological, globalization
• The word "emoji" originated in digital communication and has spread to broader contexts for emotional expression.


  True
• Match the type of language change with its description:

  Lexical Change ↔️ New words and word meanings

  Grammatical Change ↔️ Shifts in word order or verb forms

  Phonological Change ↔️ Changes in sounds or pronunciation
• What are some factors that influence societal attitudes toward language change?

  Generational differences, prescriptivism
• An example of cultural exchange is the incorporation of Japanese loanwords like "sushi" and ramen
• Language change ensures that a language remains relevant and adapts to the evolving needs of its speakers
• Language changes occur naturally over time to meet the needs of speakers.


  True
• The Great Vowel Shift in Middle English altered the pronunciation of long vowel sounds
• A negative attitude towards language change sees it as a deterioration or corruption
• What educational background is often associated with tolerance of language change?

  Formal education
• The use of emoticons in digital communication is an example of technological advancements influencing language change.


  True
• Match the external factor with its influence on language change:

  Social Influences ↔️ Creates distinct dialects

  Technological Advancements ↔️ Introduces new communication styles

  Globalization and Migration ↔️ Leads to loanwords from other languages
• Order the following examples of language change by type:

  1️⃣ "Selfie" is introduced (Lexical Change)

  2️⃣ Old English case system simplifies (Grammatical Change)

  3️⃣ Great Vowel Shift alters pronunciation (Phonological Change)
• Negative attitudes toward language change view deviations from traditional forms as undesirable.

  True
• What are the main external factors that influence language change?

  Social, technological, global, cultural
• How do technological advancements affect language?

  Introduce new words and phrases
• The use of emoticons in digital communication is an example of language change influenced by technology
• Lexical change includes the introduction of new words
• Order the examples of language change from lexical to grammatical to phonological:

  1️⃣ The introduction of the word "selfie"

  2️⃣ The shift from Old English case system

  3️⃣ The Great Vowel Shift
• Societal attitudes towards language change can be either positive or negative.


  True
• Match the factor influencing societal attitudes with its description:

  Generational differences ↔️ Older generations resist, younger accept change

  Educational background ↔️ Formal education increases tolerance

  Linguistic prescriptivism ↔️ Belief in one correct way to use language
• The word "selfie" was initially met with resistance because it was seen as a corruption of the English language.

  True
• What is the role of globalization and migration in language change?

  Mixing of languages
• Language change ensures that a language remains relevant and adapts to the evolving needs of its speakers.


  True
• Lexical, grammatical, and phonological changes occur independently of social, technological, and cultural influences.

  False
• What does cultural exchange result in regarding language?

  Adoption of words and phrases
• Social factors such as class, age, gender, and ethnicity can shape language use.


  True
• Globalization and migration lead to the mixing of languages and cultural exchange.


  True
• Cultural exchange involves the adoption of words and phrases from different cultures.


  True
• An example of social influence is the emergence of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) as a dialect
• What is one example of loanwords influenced by globalization in English vocabulary?

  French and Spanish words
• What is the role of globalization and migration in language change?

  Mixing languages and cultures
• External factors have no significant impact on language change.

  False
• What is an example of an attitude towards language change becoming more positive over time?

  Acceptance of emojis
• Social factors such as class, age, gender, and ethnicity can shape language use, creating distinct dialects
• Phonological changes, like the Great Vowel Shift, are often embraced as a natural evolution that keeps the language relevant