2.3.3 Attitudes Toward Language Change

• What does 'language change' refer to?

  Evolution of a language
• What is the prescriptive attitude toward language change?

  Negative, prefers traditional forms
• What does lexical change involve?

  Changes in vocabulary
• Order the main types of language change alphabetically:

  1️⃣ Grammatical Change

  2️⃣ Lexical Change

  3️⃣ Phonological Change

  4️⃣ Semantic Change
• What is semantic change in language?

  Changes in word meaning
• Prescriptivism views language change as negative
• Match the attitude with its stance on language change:

  Prescriptivist ↔️ Negative

  Descriptive ↔️ Neutral
• Descriptivism may overlook the importance of maintaining language standards.


  True
• What is lexical change in language?

  Changes in vocabulary
• What three values does prescriptivism emphasize in language?

  Clarity, consistency, respect
• What is a key belief of prescriptivism regarding language change?

  Language change is negative
• What is the central focus of descriptivism in language study?

  Understanding actual usage
• Descriptivism views language change as a natural and inevitable process
• What is the main strength of descriptivism according to its proponents?

  Comprehensive and realistic
• Descriptivism accepts language change as natural and focuses on understanding how it's used.

  True
• What is a positive economic impact of language standardization according to the table?

  Increased trade and market access
• What is a negative economic impact of language change highlighted in the table?

  Education costs
• What is an example of a political impact of language change mentioned in the table?

  Official language designations
• Technological advances can influence language change by introducing new vocabulary.


  True
• Match the type of language change with its description:

  Lexical Change ↔️ Changes in vocabulary

  Semantic Change ↔️ Changes in word meaning

  Grammatical Change ↔️ Changes in structure

  Phonological Change ↔️ Changes in pronunciation
• Phonological change affects the sounds and pronunciation
• Lexical change refers to changes in the vocabulary
• What does phonological change affect in a language?

  Sounds and pronunciation
• Critics of prescriptivism argue that it is elitist and exclusionary.

  True
• What is the primary focus of descriptivism?

  Understanding actual language usage
• Order the following key concepts related to language change:

  1️⃣ Language Change

  2️⃣ Influencing Factors

  3️⃣ Prescriptive Attitude

  4️⃣ Descriptive Attitude
• Grammatical change includes changes in word order and grammatical markers.


  True
• Match the attitude with its stance on language change:

  Prescriptivist ↔️ Negative

  Descriptive ↔️ Neutral
• Prescriptivism opposes slang, neologisms, and dialectal variations
• What is a common criticism of descriptivism regarding language standards?

  It overlooks standards
• Descriptivists believe that language evolves in response to social and technological factors.


  True
• What does prescriptivism emphasize in social attitudes toward language change?

  Clarity and consistency
• Match the attitude with its stance on language change:

  Prescriptivist ↔️ Negative

  Descriptive ↔️ Neutral
• Rapid language shifts can create communication barriers in business operations.


  True
• Match the impact with its description:

  Political impact ↔️ Language as a source of national identity

  Cultural impact ↔️ Language shaping social norms
• Incorporating foreign loanwords can introduce new cultural concepts
• Social factors, such as migration and cultural influences, can lead to language
• Descriptive attitudes toward language change view it as natural and inevitable
• Semantic change can result in words broadening or narrowing their meanings.

  True
• What are the main types of language change that occur over time?

  Lexical, semantic, grammatical, phonological