3.8 Social, Cognitive, and Neurological Factors in Learning

• Social factors in learning influence the learning process through social environment and interactions
• Social factors in learning include interactions with others and feedback through reinforcement
• In observational learning, motivation refers to the desire to perform the behavior based on expected outcomes
• What is the role of perception in cognitive factors of learning?

  Interpret sensory information
• What is the purpose of schemas in learning?

  Organize and interpret knowledge
• What are social factors in learning influenced by?

  Social environment and interactions
• What does social interaction contribute to in learning?

  Constructing knowledge
• What is the core concept of observational learning in Bandura's theory?

  Learning by observing others
• What is the role of attention in cognitive factors of learning?

  Focus on relevant information
• Schemas are mental frameworks that organize knowledge and understanding
• What does information processing theory compare the human mind to?

  A computer
• Match the neurological factor with its description:

  Brain Structure ↔️ Regions like prefrontal cortex

  Neurotransmitters ↔️ Chemical signals between neurons

  Neural Plasticity ↔️ Brain's ability to reorganize
• What are the two primary factors that influence learning as described in the study material?

  Social and cognitive
• Match the neurotransmitter with its primary function:

  Dopamine ↔️ Motivation and reward

  Serotonin ↔️ Mood and sleep

  Acetylcholine ↔️ Focus and learning
• Observational learning is a key social factor in learning.


  True
• Schema theory explains how knowledge is organized into mental frameworks.


  True
• Retention in observational learning refers to remembering the observed behavior.


  True
• Memory is a key cognitive factor that influences learning.

  True
• Match the key concepts of schema theory with their explanations:

  Schema ↔️ Mental framework organizing knowledge

  Assimilation ↔️ Integrating new information into existing schemas

  Accommodation ↔️ Modifying schemas to fit new information
• Schema theory differs from behaviorism by focusing on cognitive processes rather than observable behaviors.
• Reinforcement in learning involves positive or negative feedback from others.

  True
• Social factors in learning can either facilitate or hinder learning.


  True
• In observational learning, motivation depends on expected outcomes
• How do cognitive factors interact with social factors in learning?

  Shape the learning process
• Steps in modifying schemas

  1️⃣ Encounter new information

  2️⃣ Identify conflict with existing schema

  3️⃣ Modify schema to fit new information
• Information storage can occur in short-term or long-term memory.


  True
• The brain's ability to reorganize itself is called neural plasticity
• Neurotransmitters affect mood, attention, and memory.


  True
• The amygdala enhances memory for emotionally significant events.


  True
• Synaptic connections are strengthened through repeated use, forming the basis of learning and memory.


  True
• Order the components of observational learning as described in Bandura's theory:

  1️⃣ Attention

  2️⃣ Retention

  3️⃣ Reproduction

  4️⃣ Motivation
• Schema theory proposes that knowledge is organized into mental frameworks called schemas
• What happens during the storage stage of information processing theory?

  Information is held in memory
• Stages of information processing theory

  1️⃣ Sensory Input

  2️⃣ Perception

  3️⃣ Attention

  4️⃣ Encoding

  5️⃣ Storage

  6️⃣ Retrieval
• Neural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections.


  True
• The hippocampus in the brain is responsible for forming new memories
• Serotonin helps stabilize mood and sleep patterns, which are important for memory consolidation.


  True
• What does constructivism emphasize as the primary driver of learning?

  Individual experience
• Learning by observing and imitating the behaviors of others is called modeling
• Social factors can either facilitate or hinder learning, depending on the specific context