6.4.3 Particle Physics

• There are three fundamental forces in particle physics.

  False
• The Standard Model of particle physics describes the fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions
• Bosons obey the Pauli exclusion principle.

  False
• Quarks are observed in isolation due to the strong force.

  False
• The gravitational force is the strongest among the four fundamental forces.

  False
• Arrange the components of the Standard Model by particle type:

  1️⃣ Fermions

  2️⃣ Bosons

  3️⃣ Higgs Boson
• The muon and tau leptons have the same electric charge as the electron
• Match the fundamental force with its properties:

  Gravitational ↔️ Weakest, infinite range

  Electromagnetic ↔️ 10^39 times stronger than gravitational, infinite range

  Strong Nuclear ↔️ 10^38 times stronger than gravitational, short range

  Weak Nuclear ↔️ 10^25 times weaker than strong nuclear, short range
• Fermions are force carriers in the Standard Model.

  False
• Fermions are the building blocks of matter, while bosons mediate fundamental interactions.


  True
• Quarks combine to form baryons or quark-antiquark pairs called mesons
• The gravitational force has infinite range
• How many flavors of leptons are there?

  Six
• How many lepton flavors are there?

  Six
• The electromagnetic force is mediated by the photon
• What is the role of the Higgs field in particle physics?

  Provides mass
• The Standard Model consists of fermions, bosons, and the Higgs boson.
• What type of spin do bosons have?

  Integer
• What type of spin do fermions have?

  Half-integer spin
• How many flavors of quarks are there?

  Six
• Which gauge boson mediates the electromagnetic force?

  Photon
• What is the Higgs boson associated with?

  Mass generation
• When a particle and its antiparticle collide, they annihilate each other and convert their mass into energy.


  True
• Particle physics is the branch of physics that studies the fundamental constituents of matter
• Order the fundamental forces by increasing strength:

  1️⃣ Gravitational

  2️⃣ Weak Nuclear

  3️⃣ Strong Nuclear

  4️⃣ Electromagnetic
• The Higgs boson provides mass to other particles through the Higgs mechanism.
• How many flavors of quarks are there?

  Six
• What is the primary focus of particle physics?

  Fundamental constituents of matter
• What are the particles involved in the strong nuclear force?

  Quarks and gluons
• The electron has a negative electric charge of -1.


  True
• Leptons and quarks are fundamental particles described by the Standard Model.


  True
• Which gauge boson is responsible for the strong nuclear force?

  Gluons
• What does particle physics study?

  Fundamental constituents of matter
• Which boson is responsible for the electromagnetic force?

  Photon
• Quarks have six different flavors.
• Bosons are particles that do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle and can occupy the same quantum state
• Quarks are observed in isolation due to the strong force.

  False
• Match the fundamental force with its gauge boson:

  Electromagnetic ↔️ Photon

  Strong Nuclear ↔️ Gluons

  Weak Nuclear ↔️ W and Z Bosons
• In which medical technique are particle accelerators used?

  PET
• What is the role of gauge bosons in particle physics?

  Force carriers