5.1 Understanding Probability

• How is probability expressed?

  Fraction, decimal, or percentage
• Match the probability with its likelihood:

  0 ↔️ Impossible

  0.25 ↔️ Unlikely

  0.5 ↔️ Equally likely

  0.75 ↔️ Likely

  1 ↔️ Certain
• Rolling a standard dice is an example of a sample space
• The formula for theoretical probability is Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes
• Experimental probability depends on the assumption that all outcomes are equally likely.

  False
• Experimental probability is calculated using the formula: Number of times the event occurred / Total number of trials
• Match the probability with its likelihood:

  0 ↔️ Impossible

  1 ↔️ Certain

  0.5 ↔️ Equally likely
• An example of an event with a probability of 1 is the sun rising
• In probability experiments, the sample space is the set of all possible outcomes
• A probability of 0 (0%) means the event is impossible
• How is theoretical probability calculated?

  Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes
• Experimental probability is calculated based on repeated trials or experiments.


  True
• Order the steps to calculate theoretical probability:

  1️⃣ Identify the sample space

  2️⃣ Determine the number of favorable outcomes

  3️⃣ Calculate the ratio of favorable outcomes to total possible outcomes
• Theoretical probability can be calculated before conducting the experiment.

  True
• Probability ranges from 0 to 1
• Rolling a standard dice has a sample space of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.


  True
• Theoretical probability is calculated based on the sample space and the number of favorable outcomes
• Theoretical probability assumes all outcomes are equally likely.

  True
• The total number of possible outcomes is the denominator in the probability formula.


  True
• Bar charts use the height of bars to show probabilities of events.

  True
• What does a probability of 1 indicate about an event?

  Certain to occur
• What is the likelihood of an event with a probability of 0.5?

  Equally likely
• The set of all possible outcomes in a probability experiment is called the sample space
• The experimental probability is calculated by dividing the number of times the event occurred by the total number of trials
• Probability can be visually represented using bar charts and Venn diagrams
• By understanding probability, individuals and organizations can make more informed decisions
• In what areas is probability used in real life?

  Weather forecasting, insurance, gambling
• Events in probability experiments are specific outcomes of interest


  True
• What is the difference between theoretical and experimental probability?

  Expected vs. observed
• Theoretical probability represents the expected probability of an event
• Theoretical probability is calculated using the formula: Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of possible outcomes
• Probability is expressed as a fraction, decimal, or percentage
• A probability of 1 means the event is certain to occur.


  True
• Match the component of probability experiments with its definition:

  Sample Space ↔️ Set of all possible outcomes

  Event ↔️ Specific outcomes of interest

  Outcome ↔️ Individual result of an experiment

  Event Occurrence ↔️ Frequency of an event
• Understanding probability components helps predict event likelihood in real-life situations.


  True
• What is experimental probability calculated based on?

  Repeated trials or experiments
• How many favorable outcomes are there for rolling an even number on a standard dice?

  3
• Venn diagrams are useful for visualizing relationships between events
• What is the range of values for probability?

  0 to 1
• In which areas is probability used to make predictions and decisions?

  Weather forecasting, insurance, gambling