3.7 Operant Conditioning

• What is operant conditioning?

  Learning through consequences
• Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior likelihood.

  True
• Match the type of reinforcement or punishment with its effect:

  Positive Reinforcement ↔️ Adding a pleasant stimulus

  Negative Reinforcement ↔️ Removing an unpleasant stimulus

  Positive Punishment ↔️ Adding an unpleasant stimulus

  Negative Punishment ↔️ Removing a pleasant stimulus
• Operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors, while classical conditioning focuses on involuntary responses.


  True
• In operant conditioning, positive punishment involves adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior.


  True
• Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus
• What type of reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus?

  Positive reinforcement
• What is an example of positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Praise or money
• What is the nature of learning in classical conditioning?

  Associating stimuli
• What is an example of classical conditioning?

  Pavlov's dog salivating
• The process in operant conditioning involves reinforcement and punishment
• What are the key concepts in operant conditioning?

  Positive/Negative Reinforcement, Positive/Negative Punishment
• What is an example of classical conditioning?

  Pavlov's dog salivating
• Order the key concepts in operant conditioning:

  1️⃣ Reinforcement: Positive and Negative

  2️⃣ Punishment: Positive and Negative

  3️⃣ Shaping

  4️⃣ Extinction

  5️⃣ Schedules of Reinforcement

  6️⃣ Cognitive Aspects of Operant Conditioning
• What is an example of negative reinforcement?

  Turning off an alarm
• What is an example of negative punishment?

  Taking away a child's phone
• What does positive reinforcement add to the environment?

  Pleasant stimulus
• Reinforcement in operant conditioning increases the likelihood of a behavior
• Positive punishment in operant conditioning involves adding an unpleasant stimulus
• An example of classical conditioning is Pavlov's dog salivating at the sound of a bell
• What is reinforcement in operant conditioning designed to do?

  Increase behavior likelihood
• Punishment in operant conditioning increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

  False
• Negative punishment involves removing a pleasant stimulus
• Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus
• Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus
• Classical conditioning involves pairing two stimuli
• Match the key concepts with their definitions:

  Unconditioned Stimulus ↔️ Stimulus that naturally elicits a response

  Conditioned Stimulus ↔️ Neutral stimulus that elicits a response after pairing

  Conditioned Response ↔️ Learned response to a conditioned stimulus
• Operant conditioning focuses on learning voluntary behaviors.


  True
• What is an example of operant conditioning?

  Training a dog to sit
• Operant conditioning focuses on how consequences shape voluntary behaviors
• What is the purpose of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Increase likelihood of behavior
• Punishment in operant conditioning decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

  True
• Shaping in operant conditioning involves reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior
• What is an example of positive reinforcement?

  Giving a treat to a dog
• What is positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Adding a pleasant stimulus
• What is negative punishment in operant conditioning?

  Removing a pleasant stimulus
• What is the primary difference between operant conditioning and classical conditioning?

  Consequences vs. association
• What is the nature of learning in operant conditioning?

  Consequences of actions
• What is an example of positive reinforcement in operant conditioning?

  Giving a treat to a dog
• What is an example of positive punishment in operant conditioning?

  Scolding a child