3.2. Notable Pacifist Figures

• Conditional pacifism holds that violence is justifiable only in specific cases
• Bertrand Russell argued for absolute pacifism and nuclear disarmament.


  True
• Martin Luther King Jr.'s philosophy was inspired by Christian teachings and Gandhi's
• What was the primary goal of Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent resistance?

  End racial segregation
• What is the central belief of pacifism?

  Violence is never justified
• Gandhi's pacifism was inspired by Hindu and Buddhist principles of truth and love.


  True
• What religious principles inspired Mahatma Gandhi's pacifism?

  Hindu and Buddhist principles
• Match the pacifist figure with their key beliefs or actions:

  Mohandas Gandhi ↔️ Non-violent civil disobedience

  Bertrand Russell ↔️ Absolute pacifism, nuclear disarmament

  Martin Luther King Jr. ↔️ Non-violent resistance to segregation

  Thich Nhat Hanh ↔️ Mindfulness, compassion
• Match the pacifist figure with their religious influence:

  Gandhi ↔️ Hindu and Buddhist

  King Jr. ↔️ Christian

  Russell ↔️ Philosophical arguments
• One core belief of pacifism is that truth and love can overcome oppression
• What was Nelson Mandela's key belief regarding overcoming oppression?

  Forgiveness and cooperation
• Mandela's ability to forgive his oppressors made his pacifist approach particularly impactful in South Africa.


  True
• Pacifism opposes all forms of violence and war to achieve goals.


  True
• Thich Nhat Hanh emphasized mindfulness and compassion in conflict resolution.


  True
• Order the pacifist figures based on their religious influences from Eastern to Western

  1️⃣ Mahatma Gandhi (Hindu and Buddhist)

  2️⃣ Bertrand Russell (Philosophical arguments)

  3️⃣ Martin Luther King Jr. (Christian)
• Compared to Gandhi, King's approach was rooted in Christian principles of love and forgiveness
• What religious influence shaped Martin Luther King Jr.'s pacifism?

  Christian
• Martin Luther King Jr. believed nonviolence was morally and strategically superior.


  True
• Match the pacifist figure with their approach:

  Nelson Mandela ↔️ Reconciliation

  Mahatma Gandhi ↔️ Civil disobedience

  Martin Luther King Jr. ↔️ Non-violent resistance
• What were the dual focuses of Nelson Mandela's pacifism to heal racial divisions in South Africa?

  Reconciliation and forgiveness
• Pacifism is the belief that violence is never justified
• Selective pacifism opposes all wars regardless of their principles.

  False
• What did Thich Nhat Hanh emphasize as a means to resolve conflicts peacefully?

  Mindfulness and compassion
• King's strategies for nonviolent resistance included marches, sit-ins, and peaceful protests.
• Absolute pacifism rejects violence under any circumstances.
• What is absolute pacifism?

  Rejection of violence under any circumstances
• Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent resistance emphasized love and forgiveness as core principles.


  True
• Martin Luther King Jr.'s pacifism was rooted in Christian teachings of love and nonviolence.
• Nelson Mandela's pacifism emphasized reconciliation and forgiveness.
• How many years did Nelson Mandela spend in prison before embracing pacifism?

  27 years
• What is the key belief of nonviolent civil disobedience?

  Peaceful resistance to unjust laws
• What does absolute pacifism entail?

  Rejection of violence under any circumstances
• Bertrand Russell argued for absolute pacifism and promoted nuclear disarmament
• Martin Luther King Jr. believed nonviolence was morally and strategically superior to violence.

  True
• Mahatma Gandhi used methods such as civil disobedience and boycotts
• Nelson Mandela's pacifist philosophy emphasized non-violent resistance and reconciliation
• What unique aspect of Nelson Mandela's pacifism made it impactful in South Africa?

  Reconciliation and forgiveness
• Nelson Mandela initially advocated for armed resistance against apartheid.


  True
• Order the following pacifist strategies based on their primary focus:

  1️⃣ Nonviolent civil disobedience

  2️⃣ Reconciliation and forgiveness

  3️⃣ Absolute pacifism
• The Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa aimed to heal the wounds of apartheid