2.3.1 Electric Charge and Current

• The structure of atoms explains their role in charge generation
• How do electrons move in a circuit?

  From negative to positive
• What does the law of conservation of charge state?

  Total charge remains constant
• What happens to the total charge when a charged balloon rubs against hair?

  Remains zero
• Protons carry a positive charge.
• What are the three types of materials based on their ability to conduct electricity?

  Conductors, insulators, semiconductors
• What happens when like charges are placed near each other?

  They repel
• Match the charge type with its property:

  Positive (+) ↔️ Carried by protons

  Negative (-) ↔️ Carried by electrons
• In a closed system, the total positive and negative charges remain balanced.

  True
• The law of conservation of charge states that charge can be created or destroyed.

  False
• The SI unit of electric current is the ampere.


  True
• Like charges repel each other.

  True
• In a closed system, the total positive and negative charges remain balanced.


  True
• What are the three fundamental particles of an atom?

  Protons, neutrons, electrons
• Match the particle with its charge and location:

  Protons ↔️ Positive, nucleus

  Neutrons ↔️ Neutral, nucleus

  Electrons ↔️ Negative, orbits
• Semiconductors can conduct electricity under all conditions.

  False
• There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative
• What does the law of conservation of charge state?

  Charge is neither created nor destroyed
• Match the subatomic particle with its charge and location:

  Protons ↔️ +1, Nucleus

  Neutrons ↔️ 0, Nucleus

  Electrons ↔️ -1, Orbiting nucleus
• What is an example of a good conductor?

  Copper
• Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge?

  Electron
• Copper is an example of a conductor
• What is the SI unit of electric current?

  Ampere (A)
• Voltage is the driving force behind electron flow in a circuit.


  True
• What is the main characteristic of direct current (DC)?

  Flows in one direction
• Steps for connecting an ammeter in a circuit

  1️⃣ Ensure the circuit is off

  2️⃣ Identify the point to measure the current

  3️⃣ Disconnect the circuit at that point

  4️⃣ Connect the ammeter in series

  5️⃣ Turn the circuit back on
• What is a neutral atom?

  Equal protons and electrons
• The SI unit of electric current is the ampere
• The law of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed
• A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.


  True
• Why do conductors conduct electricity easily?

  Abundant free electrons
• In a circuit, electrons flow from the negative to the positive terminal.
• How does potential difference affect electric current?

  Increases electron flow
• Alternating current (AC) changes direction periodically.


  True
• What are the two types of electric charge?

  Positive and negative
• What are the three types of materials based on their ability to conduct electricity?

  Conductors, insulators, semiconductors
• Direct current (DC) flows in only one direction
• The law of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed
• A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.


  True
• Conductors allow electrons to flow freely