The null hypothesis (H0) represents the status quo or no change
What is the goal of statistical hypothesis testing?
Reject or fail to reject H0
Order the types of one-tailed tests based on their direction:
1️⃣ Left-Tailed (H1: μ < value)
2️⃣ Right-Tailed (H1: μ > value)
Match the type of test with its alternative hypothesis:
One-Tailed (Left) ↔️ μ < value
One-Tailed (Right) ↔️ μ > value
Two-Tailed ↔️ μ ≠ value
What are the two types of alternative hypotheses based on directionality?
One-sided and two-sided
The alternative hypothesis can be one-sided or two-sided.
True
In a two-tailed test, the alternative hypothesis specifies that the population mean is different from the value stated in H0, without specifying a direction
In a one-tailed left test, the alternative hypothesis is μ < value.
True
What does the p-value represent in hypothesis testing?
Probability of observing data if H0 is true
What does the null hypothesis (H0) represent in statistical hypothesis testing?
Status quo or no change
What is specified in the alternative hypothesis of a two-tailed test?
Population mean is different
What is the purpose of the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?
Threshold for rejecting H0
What is the common range for the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?
0.05 or 0.01
For what type of data is the Chi-Squared (χ²) Test used?
Categorical data
Steps involved in conducting a hypothesis test
1️⃣ State the null (H0) and alternative (H1) hypotheses
2️⃣ Choose a significance level (α)
3️⃣ Determine the appropriate statistical test
4️⃣ Calculate the test statistic and p-value
5️⃣ Compare the p-value to α and make a decision
If the p-value is less than or equal to α, we reject the null hypothesis.
True
The alternative hypothesis (H1) contradicts the null hypothesis.
True
There are two types of hypothesis tests based on the directionality of the alternative hypothesis: one-tailed and two-tailed
The null hypothesis must be specific and testable.
True
Order the types of hypothesis tests based on their critical regions:
1️⃣ One-Tailed (Left): Left tail
2️⃣ One-Tailed (Right): Right tail
3️⃣ Two-Tailed: Both tails
What type of hypothesis test is used when testing if the average height of students is greater than 170 cm or less than 170 cm?
One-tailed test
In a two-tailed test, the alternative hypothesis is μ ≠
If the p-value is less than or equal to α, we reject the null hypothesis.
True
What does the alternative hypothesis (H1) contradict in hypothesis testing?
Null hypothesis (H0)
What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?
Probability of rejecting H0 when true
If the p-value is less than or equal to α, we reject the null hypothesis.
True
If α = 0.05 and the p-value = 0.03, we reject the null hypothesis.
True
The z-test is used when the population standard deviation is known
Use the z-test when the population standard deviation is known and you want to test the population mean
What is the software's role in calculating the test statistic and p-value?
Automation
What does it mean if a test with α = 0.05 produces a p-value of 0.03?
Reject H0; strong evidence for H1
What are the two types of hypotheses defined in statistical hypothesis testing?
Null and alternative
Match the description with the corresponding hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis (H0) ↔️ States that there is no significant difference
Alternative Hypothesis (H1) ↔️ States that there is a significant difference
What does the alternative hypothesis specify in a two-tailed test?
μ ≠ value
The null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference or change
What does a one-tailed test specify about the direction of change?
Either greater than or less than
What are the two types of hypothesis tests based on the directionality of the alternative hypothesis?
One-tailed and two-tailed
What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?
Probability of rejecting true H0
If α = 0.05 and the p-value is 0.03, we reject
The alternative hypothesis can be one-sided or two-sided